Presentation Transcript

1. By: Mary Waldman, Reed Clements, Kayla Rankins, Caroline Scott, and Paige Dilday
2. Rise of Stalin By: Reed Clements

3. Rise of Stalin

   Process,characteristics, personality, tactics(secret police, indocrtination, propaganda, censorship, religion, persecution, great purge, labor camps)
4. Personality & Background Cold, hard and impersonal A lonely man (married twice, one died, one killed herself) A fierce debater, and clever speaker In his early days as a Bolshevik, he changed his name to Stalin, meaning “man of steel” As a teen, he attended the theological seminary, and prepared for the ministry
5. Personality & Background cont. Was apart of the underground revolutionary Marxist movement in Tpilisi, Georgia; devoted to the views of Karl Marx 1902- he was arrested, imprisoned, and exiled to Siberia The secret police arrested him several times, but he escaped
6. Rise Before Lenin, Stalin was the senior Bolshevik, and editor of Pravda, the party newspaper After Lenin’s return, Stalin remained in the high council, but had a small role he rose to the highest ranks, becoming a member of both the Political Bureau and the Organizational Bureau
7. Rise cont. The strength of Stalin's position in the government and in the party gave him control over party personnel administration After Lenin’s death Stalin served as a member of the three-man committee that ran the affairs of the party and the country Stalin wanted to stay true to the ideas of the revolution 1927- Stalin succeeded in defeating the entire opposition By the early 1930’s, Stalin gained total control over the party, state, and the entire Communist International.
8. secret police Stalin built a police state to maintain power They monitored telephone lines, read mail, & planted informers everywhere Children told authorities about remarks from home The secret police arrested and executed millions of “traitors”
9. great purge A campaign of terror directed at eliminating anyone who threatened his power Thousands of Bolsheviks who helped stage the revolutions stood trial They where executed or sent to labor camps for “crimes against the Soviet state” When the Great Purge ended, Stalin had gained control of the Soviet Government and Communist Party
10. labor camps Housed convicts, petty criminals, and political prisoners Major instrument of political repression In 1940, there were 53 separate camps and 423 labor colonies in the USSR
11. Labor Camps cont. “Gulag”- Chief Administration of Corrective Labour Camps and Colonies, in Russian GlavnoyeUpravlyeniyeispravityel'no-trudovihlagyeryeyikoloniy
12. Kill Tally Approximately 20 million killed Up to 14.5 million starved to death 1 million executed for political “offences” 9.5 million deported, exiled or imprisoned in work camps
13. Kill Tally Estimated five million sent to the ‘Gulag Archipelago’ who never returned The total coming out at 28 million deported including 18 million sent to ‘Gulag’
14. Indoctrination An instruction of the governments beliefs Control of education from nursery through universities Learning of communist virtues Professors or students who questioned the communist’s interpretations lost jobs, or where imprisoned
15. Indoctrination cont. Leaders in the Soviet Union lectured workers and peasants Stressed importance of hard work and sacrifice
16. Propaganda and Censorship Stalin’s government controlled all newspapers, motion pictures, radio, and other information sources Many Soviet writers, composers and other artists fell victim to official censorship Stalin would not tolerate individual creativity
17. Propaganda and censorship cont. Soviet newspapers and radio broadcasts to glorify the achievements of communism & Stalin Under Stalin, the arts where used for propaganda
18. Religion and Persecution Communists aimed to replace religious teachings with the ideals of communism Stalin, and the League of the Militant Godless, and un official sponsored group of atheists, spread propaganda attacking religion
19. Religion and Persecution cont. Many people still clung to their faiths The Russian Orthodox Church was the main target of persecution Achieving the perfect communist state came at the cost of the Soviet citizens Stalin’s total control eliminated personal rights and freedoms
20. Characteristics of Totalitarianism By: Mary Waldman
21. Characteristics of Totalitarianism A form of government in which the national government takes control of all aspects of both the public and private life
22. State control of Individuals Demands Loyalty Denies basic liberties Expects personal sacrifice for the good of the state
23. Methods of Enforcement Police Terror Indoctrination Censorship Persecution
24. Modern Technology Mass communication to spread propaganda Advanced Military weapons
25. State Control of Society Business Labor Housing Education Religion The arts Personal life Youth Groups
26. Dictator ship and One-Party Rule Exercises absolute authority Dominates the Government
27. Dynamic Leader Unites people Symbolizes government Encourages popular support through force of will
28. Ideology Sets goals of the state Glorifies aims of the state Justifies government actions
29. Stalin’s Economic Plans By: Caroline Scott

30. Stalin’s Economic Plans

    While Stalin was gaining control of society, he also started to put his plans in motion to repair the economy. “We are fifty or a hundred years behind the advanced countries. We must make good this distance in ten years.” -Joseph Stalin
31. Command Economy 1928- Stalin calls for a command economy. A command economy is a system in which the government made all economic decisions. Political leaders in the State Planning Commission would determine the economic needs and decide how to accomplish them. These leaders would then issue instructions or commands to the factories farms or businesses
32. Five-Year Plan The Five-Year Plans were set targets or goals that the industry or agriculture had to achieve. These plans set impossibly high quotas to increase the out put of production on things like coal and steel. However to reach these goals the government had to limit the production of consumer goods, which caused shortages on housing, clothes and food.
33. Five-Year Plans Since most of the targets fell short, another Five-Year Plan was launched in 1933 which was just as successful as the first. Due to these plans the steel production increased 25% from 1928 to 1937.
34. Collective Farms In 1928, the government began to take over 25 million privately owned farms in the USSR. The farms were then combined into large government owned farms. Collectives were families that worked on the farms produced food for the state. The government believed that the modern machinery would reduce the need for workers and boost the production of food.
35. Collective Farms: Resistance Resistance was strong among many groups but most off all in the kulaks (meaning fist in Russian), a wealthy peasant class. Unfortunately the Soviet government decided to eliminate the resistance problems by either execution, exile, cutting off supplies to peasants, or sending people to forced labor camps. Peasants actively fought the government for taking their land.
36. Collective Farms: Resistance The Soviet secret police would herd people on to the farms at the point of a bayonet. 5-10 million people died as a result of the agricultural revolution. In 1938 more than 90% of peasants lived on collective farms.
37. Daily Life under Stalin By: Kayla Rankins
38. Towns/ Cities Under Stalin Everyone no matter who or where they were knew that Stalin was the leader walls, hoardings, whole buildings were covered with huge portraits of his face. Every shop window displayed his bus offices, factories and even in private homes, 'red corners' containing busts of Lenin and Stalin were set up
39. Towns/ Cities Under Stalin Continued…… Towns and cities, rivers and canals, schools and hospitals, mountains and lakes, were named after him. Towns and cities, rivers and canals, schools and hospitals, mountains and lakes, were named after him. Films, plays, poems, stories and novels celebrated every detail of his life.
40. Living Conditions Generally living standards rose in the 1930’s Health care expanded Housing remained a great problem Only about 6% of houses had more than one room It was not unusual for houses to be built without electrical socket even though electricity was available
41. Women Rights Women's roles greatly expanded under the rule of Stalin women now had the same rights as me Universal access to quality education and health care
42. Religion Church leaders were arrested and churches physically shut down Worship of Stalin was encouraged but religious worship was strongly discouraged Christian churches and 25,000 mosques were closed down and converted into clubs, cinemas, schools, and warehouses Church bells were removed and melted down as scrap metal
43. Free Time Leisure for the average Russian person was based around sports and fitness Exercising and being physically fit was highly encouraged
44. Culture The Communist Party kept a strict watch on the Soviet Union's creative artists. Its writers, painters, composers, etc were to make sure that they supported the Party and the government All writers had to belong to the Union of Soviet Writers, and members were expected to follow a policy of 'socialist realism' in their writings.
45. Education However, under Stalin's rule, school life and education became stricter once more. Report cards and test marks, which had been abolished in the 1920s, were reintroduced School uniforms were restored - including compulsory pigtails for girls.
46. German peace treaty German foreign minister Joachim von Ribbentrop arrived in Moscow in August 1939 As the German attacks on Russia approached they waned to make sure they had the Russians on their sides. they offered the Balkin states and trade agreements On September 17 right before Poland surrendered to Hitler Russia attacked form the east On December 1939 Stalin assured hither the treaty was “cemented in blood” But even with this “treaty” Germany still attacked Russia in June 1941 Resenting this Stalin still trusted Hitler and in the affect Hitler's onsight almost destroyed Stalin's regime On December 1939 Stalin assured Hitler the treaty was “cemented in blood”
47. Hitler attacks Russia But even with this “treaty” Germany still attacked Russia in June 1941 Resenting this Stalin still trusted Hitler but Hitler still almost destroyed Stalin's regime With in one week of the invasions 150,000 soviet soldiers were killed 1 million soldiers were drafted (soviet) to protect Kiev
48. Hitler attacks Russia Cont. BUT the city fell and 600,000 soldiers died By October over 3million soviet soldiers were prisoners of war To prevent soldiers from “running” Stalin arranged a special force called “ blocking detachments” to shoot all runners who tried to leave the battles Nazis ruled all the country's taken from the war Starvation was wide spread
49. Hitler attacks Russia Cont. In spring of 1942 Hitler launched the battle of Stalingrad More than 1,000 tons of bombs were dropped on the city but Stalin still would not evacuate the city The average life expectancy of a soldier in this battle was 24 hours or less Most did not have guns so fighting was hand to hand contact By the end of the siege one million soviet soldiers had died
50. Hitler attacks Russia Cont. By the end of the siege one million soviet soldiers had died In the spring of 1944 the soviet invasion of Germany was a possibility By Driving the Germans out of Russia. In the summer of 1944 Stalin's operation Bagratiob in Belorussa eliminated 3 times as many German army divisions then the allied powers did The final victory for the USSR came in 1945 when they raised their flag in Berlin
51. Multiple Choice What happened to professors or students who questioned the communist interruptions? Beheaded Imprisoned Thrown out All of the above
52. Multiple Choice Continued…. 2. Who is the creator of the Five-Year Plan? Mao Zedong Vladimir Lenin Joseph Stalin Paige Dilday
53. Multiple Choice Continued… 3. In what year did Germany invade Russia? A)1947 B)1777 C ) 1941 D)1854
54. Multiple Choice Continued… 4. How many people died in the Battle of Stalingrad? A)100 Million B)500 Thousand C)30 and a half D)1 Million
55. Multiple Choice Continued… 5. What year did Stalin call for a command economy? A)1896 B)1928 C)1547 D)2157
56. Short Answer What is Totalitarianism? Government control over every aspect of public and private life
57. Short Answer 2. What effects did it have on Russia's citizens? They were limited to their freedom because everything was controlled by the government.
58. Short Answer 3. What was Religion like under Stalin's Rule? Churches and mosques were closed down and converted into clubs, cinemas, schools, and warehouses