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Excretory & Respiratory Systems

Excretory & Respiratory Systems. Lungs and Kidneys. Gas Exchange: oxygen & CO 2. Type 1. Earliest type: Simple diffusion. Diffusion = movement of particles to equilibrium!. Gas exchange : simple diffusion. Examples of organisms that use simple diffusion. Protists : amoebas etc

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Excretory & Respiratory Systems

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  1. Excretory & Respiratory Systems Lungs and Kidneys

  2. Gas Exchange: oxygen & CO2 Type 1 Earliest type: Simple diffusion Diffusion = movement of particles to equilibrium!

  3. Gas exchange: simple diffusion Examples of organisms that use simple diffusion Protists: amoebas etc Plants: through stomata

  4. Gas exchange: skin Some amphibians, worms Skin must be moist to open pores!

  5. not lungs!!!! Gas exchange: insects special openings to let in oxygen: SPIRACLES Tracheal tubes Tubes open to outside of body, allow passive diffusion of gas SPIRACLES are valves that open and close

  6. http://www.astrobio.net/pressrelease/2431/attack-of-the-giant-insectshttp://www.astrobio.net/pressrelease/2431/attack-of-the-giant-insects Interesting idea: ancient giants more oxygen!! Now, oxygen is at 21% Then, it was at 30%!!! What was different about earth’s atmosphere that would let insects grow so big?

  7. letting oxygen diffuse out of water into blood letting CO2 diffuse out of blood into water Gas exchange: Gills Thin layers of tissue

  8. Gills “counter-current exchange” water oxygen oxygen blood carbon dioxide carbon dioxide Fish, (bony & cartilaginous), Mollusks 80% efficiciency rate

  9. Lungs + Air Sacs: Birds Birds have so many air sacs, they can get fresh oxygen while inhaling OR exhaling!

  10. Mammals: nose or blowhole Sinus cavities to filter air Tissue to warm air

  11. Trachea: tube for air Choking: blockage of trachea Cartilage rings around it keeps it from collapsing

  12. Bronchi: branches into lungs Looks like a branching tree

  13. By the way: bronchitis is inflammation (swelling) of the bronchi Usually due to infection or allergies

  14. Asthma:

  15. Lungs: amphibians, reptiles, mammals Concurrent exchange system

  16. Lungs: getting oxygen from air Expanding lungs = contracting diaphragm

  17. Take a closer look at lungs: ALVEOLI: small sacks

  18. Ocean mammals: Lungs Nose or blowhole

  19. Smoker’s Lung:

  20. Excretion: water balance! Also: sweating! Removes NITROGEN ous WASTES Urinary Tract: filters liquid wastes from body, balances water in blood

  21. Kidney: contains NEPHRONS Units of tubing that remove excess water and liquid wastes from blood

  22. General idea of a nephron: In the glomerulus, blood is passed near the tubules to exchange materials

  23. Glomerulus Blood can exchange wastes with liquid Excess water will diffuse out of blood into renal tubule

  24. Wastes pass through URETER To be stored in bladder Passed out urethra to outside of body Exit controlled by sphincter

  25. Sphincters: open and close Muscular “lock”

  26. Potty training kids: Wait for nervous system to reach voluntary sphincters 13 months – 36 months

  27. Kidney Stones Mineral deposits in kidneys or ureter Painful!

  28. UTI: urinary tract infection Bacterial infection Can spread to kidneys if left untreated

  29. Control of Water Balance: BEWARE! You can drink too much water You can drink too little water You can kill babies by giving them too much water in their formula! Brain hormone ADH keeps balance HOMEOSTASIS

  30. What is dialysis? When kidney’s fail, we have to do their job with machines. USE DIFFUSION!

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