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The Turmoil of Bleeding Kansas: Violence, Conflict, and the Road to Civil War

"Bleeding Kansas" refers to a period of violent conflict in the 1850s as proslavery and antislavery forces clashed over the fate of Kansas. The election of 1855 saw "border ruffians" from Missouri illegally voting, leading to growing tensions. The attack on Lawrence in May 1856 resulted in the town's destruction by proslavery forces, igniting further violence. The Pottawatomie Massacre, led by John Brown in response, escalated the conflict, while events like the Sumner-Brooks incident heightened national awareness. Ultimately, these violent struggles foreshadowed the Civil War.

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The Turmoil of Bleeding Kansas: Violence, Conflict, and the Road to Civil War

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  1. Violence in Kansas “Bleeding Kansas”

  2. Bleeding Kansas Starts • N & S race to fill Kansas with “voters” for each side • March 1855  election • “Border ruffians” from Missouri [slave state] • Voted illegally

  3. The Attack on Lawrence • Antislavery settlers founded town of Lawrence • Proslavery grand jury wanted the settlers arrested • May 21, 1856 – proslavery group destroys all of Lawrence • 2 printing presses • Looted houses & stores • Set antislavery HQ aflame

  4. The Pottawatomie Massacre • John Brown • Infuriated over the sack of Lawrence • May 24 – went to Pottawatomie Creek • Pulled 5 men out of bed, cut off their hands and stabbed them

  5. Bleeding KS • John Brown and Pott. Massacre trigger several killings • ~200 people die following Brown incident

  6. The Sumner-Brooks Incident • Charles Sumner = “The Crime Against Kansas” • Attacked slavery supporters • Made personal attacks towards Andrew Butler • Butler = slurred speech, proslavery • Preston Brooks [Butler’s Nephew] • Beats Sumner

  7. Harpers Ferry • Oct 16, 1859, Virginia (now WV) • John Brown, again • Believed that it was time for a slave uprising • Intended to take over the federal arsenal & arm slaves with weapons • Led small group of men, more white than black • 60 men held hostage by Brown, thought slaves would involve themselves • No slaves intervened • US Marines – Robert E. Lee – arrest Brown

  8. The end of Brown • December 2, 1859 • Hanged for high treason • Northerners regarded Brown a martyr • Southerners now afraid of potential slave uprising organized by Northerners

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