EARTHQUAKES

1. EARTHQUAKES By: Justin

2. There, There, and Everywhere E-A-R-T-H-Q-U-A-K-E-S earthquakes! What are they you may ask? Well, I will tell you! A earthquake is when the earth sways and cracks. It may seem scary but don’t be scared because we have a lot more to learn. An earthquake is caused by plate tectonics swaying too quickly from stress they have built. That was the cause, how scared you were. Ha, ha, ha I got you on that one and I cant get over that. Earthquakes can hurt people also. Read on to find out how. Earthquakes can hurt people and nature quickly so your parent or teacher should know what to do if an earthquake happens. The crust is where earthquakes occur. Now you know where earthquakes occur and who to listen to if an earthquake happens. Earthquakes can cause a lot of damage on the earth. Some earthquakes can go strong enough to put a crack in the earth. I shouldn’t have to say this, but I will. Don’t fall into one. One can go deep enough to go into the mantle. If someone touched

3. There, There, and Everywhere (Cont.) the mantle they would get burned badly. A lot of earthquakes occur in the ring of fire. It mostly happens there because the earth is weak in that one spot. A sudden break and movement in the ground can cause a deadly earthquake. A really bad earthquake can cause greater damage thank 100,000 bombs. After, aftershocks can happen. After an aftershock can be a landslide. Have you ever seen land crumbling and rushing towards your house! Well, that’s a landslide. Aftershocks and main quakes power can make a earthquake in the ocean. Sometimes the quakes in the ocean can cause a tsunami. I don’t want to give to much information off because I will bring it up later. I also don’t want to say that much because of the same reason. Aftershocks, landslides, and tsunamis can happen after the main quake. You don’t really know how many earthquakes there are in a day, neither do I but all I know is that 1 happens each second. It is true,

4. There, There, and Everywhere (Con.) now you realize how many are in a day! Thank goodness because I didn’t want to explain more. It’s sad because if you think about it people are losing lives, losing loved ones, losing jobs, losing homes, losing everything. Now that the sadness is over, can we go to the next slide?

5. It’s not my fault! Who’s fault is it? Well, the who is actually a something. It’s a fault! It’s the faults fault. Most earthquakes occur along a fault. A fault is a fracture in the earths crust It’s two pieces of the earth sliding past each other. But if it tries to move to quickly, it will create an earthquake. Don’t move too quickly fault or you’ll actually hurt humanity fault. Faults don’t just form in any place. They form in weak parts in the earth’s rock. If the rock is really weak it is going to be visible. If it is just a little weak the fault lies underground. Hey, you can be standing on one right now not knowing! Do you know how I said something about

6. It’s not my fault! (continued) stress on the last page? Well, it can cause a bend in earth’s rock creating either a hill or a cracked hill depending on how far it was bent. Faults can make anything worse and that’s a fact. Fault slippage can be very dangerous. Fault slippage is when faults slip and cause a LOT of damage. One in San Francisco caused so much damage boats from the ocean went inland onto the land. Fault slippage is stronger than an earthquake because stress has been there a long time and than slips and causes such a shake, it’s stronger than a regular earthquake. If you are caught in fault slippage get outside, away from anything that can fall and stay there. PLEASE!

7. It’s not my fault! (continued) Landslides can be very dangerous. If rock on either side of a fault moves it can cause an earthquake. Earthquakes cause landsides, and you don’t want to be near one because it’s an avalanche of dirt. So, please avoid injuries and stay away from landslides.

8. Ricalli Ricter and Mercalli sitting in a tree measuring earthquakes…Oh I still have an audience. I was probably was singing in my sleep again. But from my doze we know what we are going to learn about. Measuring earthquakes! First lets talk about the Ricter scale. The Ricter scale measures how powerful the earthquakes are on a scale from 1 to 12. Oh… I forgot to tell you it was created by Charles F. Ricter. But anyways if the power is 1.0, you can not feel the quake. If it’s power is 4.0 it’s like a truck hit your building. If it’s power is 7.0 it will be hard to stand and things will fall. If it’s

9. Ricalli(continued) power is 10.0 a lot will be destroyed. And if it’s power is 12.0, your in for a treat because everything will be destroyed. If the number changes by 1 it’s 32 times greater than the last number. That’s a lot! Now the Mercalli scale. The Mercalli scale measures damage in Roman Numerals. It measures from I to XII. If the damage is I (which equals 1), you will hardly notice the difference in the land except for some tiny cracks. That’s is only when the damage starts. But when it is XII damage it HEAVES the ground. That’s scary! One earthquake called the San Francisco earthquake measured 7.1 on the Ricter scale, and X to XI on the Mercalli. That’s a lot of damage! Those 2 machines do all the work of measuring earthquakes. People are lucky!

10. Terrible, Trembling, Tsunamis Ahhhhhhh! TSUNAMI! You don’t know what it is? Run, I will tell you on the way! Okay! Tsunamis! Tsunamis can travel really, really, REALLY far distances! Let me compare them to the nonkilling ocean waves. Tsunamis are stronger, bigger, faster, and longer than regular ocean waves. Oh… I forgot to tell you something. The cause of a tsunami is an earthquake on the ocean floor. The effect is an TSUNAMI! But back to what I was saying, a tsunami can rise waters up to 3 feet (1 meter). That’s a lot! A tsunami has 3 names, tsunami, seismestic wave, and a tidal wave. Three interesting names! A tsunami’s height can be over 100 feet high. Wow that’s high. But not nearly as awed as this, a

11. Terrible, Trembling, Tsunamis(continued) Tsunami can be over 500,000 mph. That’s faster than millions of people combined. Well know you know what tsunamis are and it looks like the tsunami is over.

12. It’s San Andreas not me! I’ll get revenge on San Andreas by telling everything about her. I only have to tell one person. YOU! Ready, here I go! First I will tell about how she creates an earthquake. She creates stress in herself and when she releases her stress an earthquake happens. I would think she yells to release stress. That’s what I would do. Next I will talk about what she looks like. It wont be pretty. She is a long crack in the ground. She’s about 970 km. long and that’s the same as 600 mi. long. That’s pretty long. Now I will talk about what she is. Do you know 5 slides ago I was talking about types of faults. Well the… San Andreas is a strike slip fault. So look up what a strike slip fault is again. A famous quake from San Andreas was the San Francisco earthquake. But I don’t want to talk about it because it was really sad. Now you know all of her secrets, so pass it on to other people. PLEASE!

13. Build, Destroy, What do they do! If you are confused I will address it to you right know. Constructive, destructive, both! You may know this but I dought you do. Earthquakes can actually build parts of the earth. No it can’t create water! But it can create a hill or a mountain. When an earthquake happens plates are moving quickly, so when plates hit each other hard they rise up into the air creating a hill or a mountain. That’s pretty cool. Now lets talk about how an earthquake can be destructive! Its pretty clear an earthquake can be destructive too. There is lots and lots of ways it can be destructive, but I will just name a few. It can be destructive by crushing homes and people and everything. But even worse it can

14. Build, Destroy, What do they do! (continued) kill wild life, and nature. Why were earthquakes ever created because they are the worst! Let me see my glossary, I don’t want to talk about this anymore!

15. Glossary plate tectonics- the earths crust split into pieces and they are named. Ring of Fire- place where a lot of volcanic eruptions and earthquakes happen. Aftershock-a small quake after a main quake. It makes things fall if they are dangling from the main quake.