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In Suspect Terrain :

In Suspect Terrain :. Take the time you need to: Make a plan- scout from several spots Post a spotter or 2 Find real safe zones to aim for that have good visibility. In Suspect Terrain :. Ski one at a time Have pre-set clear signals, try a talkabout radio for help with the line

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In Suspect Terrain :

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  1. In Suspect Terrain: • Take the time you need to: • Make a plan- scout from several spots • Post a spotter or 2 • Find real safe zones to aim for that have good visibility

  2. In Suspect Terrain: • Ski one at a time • Have pre-set clear signals, try a talkabout radio for help with the line • Don’t ski above your partners • Pole straps and ski leashes off • Ski carefully and lightly

  3. SELF RESCUE Yell while you attempt to ski out of the moving snow Get rid of skis and poles, or snowboard Fight hard! (swimming motion) Keep day pack/ditch expedition pack Create air space, hand to surface Stay calm, breathe slowly, dig to surface if you can

  4. Companion/beacon rescue Only a member of your party or a companion will likely save your life cover (15%) (68%) Source:CAIC 5.

  5. Companion/beacon rescue …and most likely only if you have an avalanche transceiver Source: AAA Search times in 100mx100m area 6.

  6. Companion/beacon rescue …but if you get to them fast enough, you can save them If recovered within 15 minutes, chances of survival are almost 92% At 35 minutes, survival rate drops to 37% % Recovered Alive After that, the success rate is extremely low. Source:AAA (422 completely buried victims) Time in minutes 7.

  7. COMPANION RESCUE • Two priorities: Safety of Rescuers and SPEED • Ask the 5 questions (see next slide) • Appoint a leaderwho will: - interview observers - information point person - big picture person - prepare for rescuing a cold/c-spine injured person • Quick search is the most important first step - likely burial spots - surface clues (do not move them, but check beneath)

  8. 5 Questions: • Is the scene safe? • How many victims? Wearing transceivers? • Last seen point? • Transceivers to receive or OFF? • Cell phones off?

  9. Multi Person Group Appoint a leader 5 questions beacon and scuff search - leave clues in place - relay information - acknowledge Bring your gear A,B,C’s, turn off transceiver and look for other victims Secondary Survey -1st Aid and evacuate if necessary Report the avalanche Two Person Group Go or no go Survey the avalanche for clues Turn to receive and begin beacon/scuff search Bring your gear A,B,C’s Secondary survey - 1st Aid and evacuate if necessary Report the avalanche - local SAR- www.avalanche.org Rescue - responsibilities

  10. Primary search Signal picked up here, Secondary search begins Pinpoint search 11.

  11. LPS LPS LPS 2R 2R R R R R R PRIMARY SEARCH - OBTAINING A SIGNAL • Establish range (R) from transceiver range check in worst coupling position (transceivers perpendicular to one another) 2R 2R NO SKIS SKIS MULTIPLE SEARCHERS

  12. Beacon Search • Primary: Search patterns before obtaining a signal • Communicate findings to leader-”I have a signal!” Leader- acknowledge back. • Bring your gear with you - a probe and shovel are no good at the top of the slope

  13. Tips on the grid search: understand your beacon

  14. Signal strength depends upon orientation maximum Colorado Avalanche Information Center

  15. Signal strength depends upon orientation When the receiving unit is 90º to the sending unit’s field, the signal strength will be at a minimum for that location. minimum Colorado Avalanche Information Center

  16. Signal in X axis depends on Orientation The “Fountain” will give 2 low numbers When the receiving unit is 90º to the sending unit’s field, the signal strength will be at a minimum for that location. Colorado Avalanche Information Center

  17. Signal in X axis depends on Orientation The “Rainbow” will give 1 low number When the receiving unit is 90º to the sending unit’s field, the signal strength will be at a minimum for that location. Colorado Avalanche Information Center

  18. Pinpoint search: Be Consistent with Orientation Go slow to Go Fast Is it a Rainbow or a Fountain?

  19. PROBING • Know how to put probe together, • Probe “slope normal”, be methodical • Be gentle- you are probing for people not crevasses • SPOT PROBING for likely burial spots Upside of trees and rocks Benches in the track and runout zone Toe of debris Outside of curves in the track In line with surface clues • If you make contact, leave probe in place and throw snow downhill. The deeper the burial, the bigger the hole needs to be.

  20. Recovery and Evacuation • Priority for recovered victims - ABC's and hypothermia - Find other victims - continue patient care/evacuation - will you need outside assistance? • report the incident to local search and rescue and www.avalanche.org

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