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Earthquakes

Earthquakes. Modified by the Office of Preparedness with special thanks to FEMA, CERT, and Citizen Corps. An Earthquake is…. The sudden slipping or movement of portions of the Earth ’ s crust against one another Caused by a sudden release of stresses

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Earthquakes

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  1. Earthquakes Modified by the Office of Preparedness with special thanks to FEMA, CERT, and Citizen Corps

  2. An Earthquake is… • The sudden slipping or movement of portions of the Earth’s crust against one another • Caused by a sudden release of stresses • Usually less than 25 miles below the surface

  3. Earthquake Terms to Know Part 1 Aftershocks: These are earthquakes which follow the largest shock. They can continue for weeks, months and even years Epicenter: The point on the Earth’s surface above the point deep in the Earth’s crust where an earthquake occurs

  4. Earthquake Terms to Know Part 2 Fault: A fracture or crack along which two blocks of rock slide past each other Magnitude: The amount of energy released at the epicenter by the earthquake – measured using various scales (ex. Richter scale)

  5. Richter Scale • Small: 5.0 to 5.9 • Moderate: 6.0 to 6.9 • Major: 7.0 to 7.9 • Great: 8.0 or greater

  6. Earthquake Terms to Know Part 3 Seismologists: Scientists who study earthquakes, their causes, and effects Seismographs: Instruments that make an automatic record of the time, duration, direction, and intensity of earthquakes.

  7. Earthquake Damage • Collapsed buildings • Damage to utilities, structures, and roads • Fires and explosions • Structural instability, e.g., dams • Landslides and debris flows

  8. Likelihood of an Earthquake • Greatest likelihood • Western United States • San Andreas Fault • Western Oregon and Washington • Alaskan coast • New Madrid Fault Zone in Missouri • Few pockets on East Coast • Coastal South Carolina • New England

  9. Earthquake Statistics • 75 million Americans in 39 states face significant risk • Residents of California face the highest risk (17 million people) followed by residents of western Washington State

  10. Likelihood of an Earthquake in Colorado • Colorado has less earthquake activity than states like California but is still susceptible • We have had over 400 magnitude 2.5 or higher earthquakes since 1867 • The largest earthquake experienced here was estimated at magnitude 6.6 in 1882 in North-Central CO

  11. Trinidad Earthquake - 2011 Magnitude 5.3

  12. Earthquake Preparedness Step 1: Secure it Secure your space - • Store and secure heavy or breakable objects on low shelves • Secure bookshelves and water heaters • Move beds away from windows

  13. Earthquake Preparedness Step 1: Secure it Cont. Secure your space - • Secure heavy pieces of unstable furniture to the ground or walls • Move or secure hanging objects over beds, sofas, or chairs • Put latches on cabinet doors

  14. Earthquake Preparedness Step 2: Make a plan • Develop home earthquake plan • Think about safe places in your home, school and/or work • Conduct earthquake drills • Develop plan for reuniting family members • Develop family communication plan • Keep supplies on hand

  15. Earthquake Preparedness Step 3: Make a checklist or 3 day kit • Create an emergency kit, which includes enough supplies for each member of your family, including: • Food • Water • Clothing, • Flashlights • First aid kits

  16. Earthquake Preparedness Step 3: Make a checklist or 3 day kit • Other items you may want to include are • NOAA weather radio • Extra batteries • Whistle • Dust masks • Personal sanitary items • Maps • Eating utensils

  17. Earthquake Preparedness Step 3: Make a checklist or 3 day kit Check out readycolorado.com for more help making a kit or creating a checklist specific to your family, including pets!

  18. Earthquake Preparedness Step 4: Make your home safer • Check for vulnerable pipes, and install flexible pipes where possible • Check your home’s foundation • Fix unreinforced masonry

  19. During an Earthquake Step 5: Drop, Cover and Hold on! DROP Drop down to the Floor

  20. During an Earthquake Step 5: Drop, Cover and Hold on! COVER Take cover by getting under a sturdy desk, table or other stable piece of furniture. If this is not possible, cover your head and neck with your arms and crouch in an inside corner of a building or against an interior wall.

  21. During an Earthquake Step 5: Drop, Cover and Hold on! HOLD Hold on and stay in that position until the shaking stops and it is safe to move.

  22. During an Earthquake Step 5: Drop, Cover and Hold on! • If you are outdoors, find a spot away from buildings, trees, streetlights, power lines, and overpasses • If you are on the sidewalk near a building, duck under a doorway to protect yourself from falling debris • If you are in a vehicle, drive to clear spot and stop • Stay in the vehicle until shaking is over

  23. During an Earthquake Step 5: Drop, Cover and Hold on! • If you are in a stadium stay in your seat, crouch down, and protect your head and neck • If you are in a crowded store or other public space move away from display shelves. Do not rush for the exit! • If you are in a tall building, move against an interior wall and protect your head and neck. Do not use elevators!

  24. Recovering from an earthquake Step 6: Check it out • Check yourself for injuries and protect yourself from further danger before helping others • Consider becoming certified in First Aid, and CPD/AED before a disaster happens • Identify hazards such as damaged gas, water, sewage, and electrical lines – stay away from these! • Prepare yourself for possible aftershocks • Begin following your disaster preparedness plan

  25. Recovering from an earthquake Step 6: Check it out If you are trapped under debris – • Do not light a match • Cover your mouth with a handkerchief or clothing • Avoid kicking up dust • Tap on a pipe or wall so rescuers can find you or use a whistle if available • Try not to should unless it is a last resort, in order to avoid breathing in large amounts of dust

  26. Recovering from an earthquake Step 7: Communicate and Recover • Tune to Emergency Alert System (EAS) through a radio to keep up to date with updates and safety information • Notify an out of area contact, then stay off the phone. Text only. • Help neighbors • Wear shoes to protect yourself from glass and other sharp objects • Be ready for possible aftershocks

  27. Recovering from an earthquake Step 7: Communicate and Recover Inspect home for damage if there are no immediate hazards are present • Check appliances for damage • Switch off electrical power if there is damage to electrical wiring • Check gas lines for damage, turn off the main gas valve outside if a gas leak is suspected • Check the building for cracks and other damage • Check to see that water and sewage lines are intact • Check water and food supplies • Check closets and cupboards (be careful, items have likely shifted)

  28. Recovering from an earthquake Step 7: Communicate and Recover Cont. • Extinguish small fires • Clean up spills • Do not use your car unless absolutely necessary, or until you are given the ok by responders

  29. Questions

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