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The Progressive Movement

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  1. The Progressive Movement

  2. What was the name of the 20th century social and political reform movement, which occurred on every level of government in the United States? • The Progressive Movement

  3. What were three causes of the Progressive Movement?

  4. 1) Excesses of Gilded Age • 2) Poor working conditions of American labor (workers) • 3) Low standard of living of American labor

  5. What did the Progressives believe should solve the problems created by industrialization? • The Government

  6. What were three main goals of the Progressives?

  7. Government controlled by the people instead of big business and special interests • Economic opportunity for all Americans • Eliminate social injustices

  8. How did the Progressives hope to guarantee all Americans economic opportunity?

  9. Through government regulation of business

  10. What was the Gilded Age? • A period in the late 1800s characterized by great wealth, corruption, and inequality

  11. Who held almost all the great wealth created in America during the Gilded Age? • A small upper class of businessmen and industrialists

  12. Define the term industrialists. • Factory owners

  13. What is another name of the Gilded Age? • The Age of the Robber Barons

  14. Who were the robber barons? • Members of the newly rich upper class who had extravagant lifestyles

  15. What did the extravagant lifestyle of the robber barons point out? • The severe difference in income between the small, super rich upper class and the average American family

  16. Who were the Muckrakers? • Progressive writers who wrote about social and political evils in late 19th and early 20th century America.

  17. Who were the two most famous Progressive presidents? • Theodore Roosevelt • Woodrow Wilson

  18. Which Progressive president was known for offering the American people a “Square Deal”? • Theodore Roosevelt

  19. What Progressive president was known for the New Freedom? • Woodrow Wilson

  20. Did both Republicans and Democrats participate in the Progressive Movement? • Yes

  21. On what levels of government were there Progressive reforms? • Federal • Local • State

  22. What was one Progressive accomplishment on the state level? • Passed child labor laws

  23. Name 5 ways the Progressives tried to make government more democratic at the state level?

  24. Referendum • Initiative • Recall • Secret ballot • Primary elections

  25. By what process may citizens vote to approve or reject a measure passed by a legislative body? • Referendum

  26. What process permits citizens to propose laws to their state or local governments? • Initiative

  27. By what process may citizens vote to remove government officials from office before they have finished their terms? • Recall election

  28. What reform did Progressives use to protect voters’ privacy? • The secret ballot

  29. What does one call an election in which voters nominate a political party’s candidates for office? • Primary election

  30. At what level of government were child labor laws an example of a Progressive reform? • State government

  31. Whattype of reforms were the 17th and 19th Amendment and the Clayton Anti-Trust Act? • Progressive reforms on the federal or national level.

  32. What was the 17th Amendment? • Direct election of United States senators

  33. Who elected U.S. senators before ratification of the 17th Amendment? • The State Legislatures

  34. What did the term “trust” mean during the late 19th and early 20th centuries? • A business monopoly

  35. What does the term monopoly mean? • Absence of competition

  36. What does anti-trust mean? • Anti-monopoly

  37. What did anti-trust laws try to do? • Restore free competition to the American economy

  38. What was the major weakness in the Sherman Anti-Trust Act? • The wording was too vague.

  39. What did the Clayton Anti-Trust Act do? • 1) Outlawed price fixing • 2) Exempted unions from the Sherman Anti-Trust Act

  40. In what two ways did Progressives try to make local governments less corrupt, more efficient, and more responsive to the people?

  41. Commission form of city government • Council/manager form of city government

  42. How does the council/manager form of city government work?

  43. Voters elect a city council • City council hires a professional manager to serve as the city’s administrator

  44. What did Progressives want city government to be? • Efficient • Businesslike

  45. What is another word for the right to vote? • Suffrage

  46. During what war did the women’s suffrage movement first encourage American women to enter the labor force? • World War I

  47. Name a leader of the Women’s Suffrage Movement. • Susan B. Anthony

  48. Which constitutional amendment gave women the right to vote? • 19th Amendment

  49. What were three Progressive reforms on the federal or national level of government? • 17th Amendment • 19th Amendment • Clayton Anti-Trust Act

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