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This overview highlights significant events and key figures from World War II. It covers commanders like Dwight Eisenhower and George Patton, the heroic Tuskegee Airmen, and crucial operations such as D-Day and the Battle of Midway. The text explores the impact of the War Production Board, the role of propaganda via the Office of War Information, and the fight for civil rights by leaders like A. Philip Randolph. It also touches on critical developments such as the Manhattan Project, the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, and the aftermath with the Nuremberg Trials.
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Dwight Eisenhower • Commander of US forces in WWII
George Patton • Commander of US forces in North Africa
Tuskegee Airmen • African American fighter squadron that played a key role in the saturation bombing of Germany. • In more than 1500 missions, the Tuskegee Airmen didn’t lose a single bomber
D-Day/ Invasion of Normandy • Operation Overlord • June 6, 1944 • Massive allied invasion of France
Battle of the Bulge • Surprise German counterattack against allied forces in Belgium • Last ditch attempt by Germany to win the war
V-E Day • May 7 1945, the day that Germany surrendered. • Stands for Victory in Europe Day
War Production Board • Created to oversee the conversion of peacetime industry to war industry. • Had the authority to set priorities and production goals and to control the distribution of raw materials and supplies.
Office of War Information • Created to raise morale in the US during the war and to convince people to help with the war effort. • Propaganda!!
A. Philip Randolph • African American leader who was part of the “double V” campaign. (victory against fascism abroad and discrimination at home).
Executive Order 8802 • Assured fair hiring in any job funded with government money.
Doolittle Raid • Bombing raid on Tokyo • Considered revenge for Pearl Harbor
Battle of Midway • Turning point of the war in the Pacific • This battle put an end to the Japanese advance in the Pacific.
Island Hopping • The process of capturing some Japanese-held islands, and ignoring others in a steady path towards the Japanese mainland.
Kamikaze • Pilots who would deliberately crash their planes into American ships, killing themselves, but also inflicting severe damage.
Korematsu v US • Fred Korematsu protested that his relocation into a Japanese internment camp was unconstitutional. • The case went to the Supreme Court, where it was ruled that the relocation was constitutional because it was based, not on race, but on “military urgency.”
Manhattan Project • Code name for the American program to build an atomic bomb.
Hiroshima/ Nagasaki • The two cities where American forces dropped atomic bombs in 1945. • These remain the only two atomic bomb targets in history.
Holocaust • The systematic murder by the Nazis of European Jews and other “undesirables”
Nuremburg Laws • Laws enacted by Hitler that denied German citizenship to Jews.
Genocide • Annihilation of a racial, political, or cultural group.
Yalta • 1945 Strategy meeting between Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin.
United Nations • Organization founded in 1954 to promote peace.
Nuremburg Trials • Trials in which Nazi leaders were tried with war crimes.
