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World Religions

This lesson explores the foundational beliefs and practices of major world religions, focusing on Hinduism, Buddhism, Confucianism, and Daoism. Hinduism emphasizes Vedas, Brahman as ultimate reality, and concepts such as karma and dharma leading to reincarnation. Buddhism teaches the path to enlightenment through the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path while rejecting the caste system. Confucianism emphasizes ethical behavior and proper governance, and Daoism highlights living in harmony with nature according to the Dao.

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World Religions

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  1. World Religions Unit 1, Lesson 4

  2. Hinduism • Based on Aryan religious beliefs • Vedas • Collection of hymns and ceremonies • Oldest Hindu sacred text • Ultimate Reality God named Brahman • The individual self, or atman, had duty to come to know his ultimate reality; then could merge with Brahman after death.

  3. Hinduism • Reincarnation • 500s B.C. • After death the soul is reborn in different form • After many existences the soul may unite with Brahman • Karma • People’s action determine their form of rebirth • Dharma • The divine law, rules Karma • All people do their duty

  4. Hinduism • Yoga “union” was developed as a practice to achieve oneness with God • More than 33,000 deities (Gods) • Three chief Gods • Brahma the Creator • Vishnu the Preserver • Shiva the Destroyer

  5. Buddhism • Northern India • Siddhartha Gautama “Buddha” • Began as an ascetic (practice of abusing ones body), this did not bring enlightenment • Turned to meditation, reaching enlightenment, taught what he learned

  6. Buddhism • Achieving wisdom is a key step in achieving nirvana, or ultimate reality, in reunion with the Great World Soul • Four Noble Truths • Take the Middle, or Eightfold Path • Accepts reincarnation, but rejects caste system • Appeals to lower castes

  7. Confucianism • Confucius-first teacher • Born in 551 B.C. • Teachings found in the Analects • Political and ethical, not spiritual • Dao-the way • Five Constant Relationships-most important duty to parents

  8. Confucianism • Rulers must set a good example if society is going to prosper • Humanity-”all men are brothers” • Government service should not be for the rich and noble, but for those of superior talent and virtuous behavior

  9. Daoism/Taoism • Laozi • Dao De Jing (The Way of the Dao) • Proper form of behavior on Earth • People should act spontaneously and let nature take its course

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