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Space, Time, and Einstein

Space, Time, and Einstein. Francis Granger Middle School Ming-Jer Wang Fermilab 23-April-2007. About Myself. Ming-Jer Wang A Visiting Scientist at Fermilab Experience: Fermilab, Los Alamos National Lab in New Mexico, Saclay in France, SSC Lab in Texas

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Space, Time, and Einstein

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  1. Space, Time, and Einstein Francis Granger Middle School Ming-Jer Wang Fermilab 23-April-2007 "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  2. About Myself Ming-Jer Wang A Visiting Scientist at Fermilab Experience: Fermilab, Los Alamos National Lab in New Mexico, Saclay in France, SSC Lab in Texas Discovery: Made contributions to the top quark discovery at Fermilab in 1995 "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  3. Fermilab "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  4. Why do we choose this Topic – “Space & Time”? • It is related to the researches at Fermilab • It is related to what you are learning about – • Physics • Chemistry • Astronomy • An exciting subject! • How do you learn about the stars? • What do you learn about the stars? • Where? -> “Space” • When? -> “Time” "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  5. Why do we choose this Topic – “Einstein” ? 1905: Clerk in Patent Office Schoolboy At older age! "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  6. Einstein's Three Great Discoveries • 1. He verified the existence of “atoms” by explaining the zig-zag motion of pollen grains in water, noticed 80 years earlier. • 2. He proved that light could be understood as little “bullets” of energy (or particles). • 3. He developed the theory of relativity, in which “moving” observers disagree about simple measurements like time and distance. • Discovery #3 is what we are going to talk about today! "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  7. Space and Time in Ordinary Life • Space • Traveling route • Go to school • Go home • Go shopping • Demo - rulers • Time • Daily schedule • Meal time • School time • Bed time • Demo - clocks "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  8. Concept History of Space "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  9. Concept History of Space "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  10. Concept History of Time Newton’s view "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  11. Concept History of Time Change the definition of time: “It might appear possible to overcome all the difficulties attending the definition of ’time’ by substituting ‘the position of the small hand of my watch’ for ‘time’ “. Example: “ ’That train arrives here at 7 o’clock,’ I mean something like this ‘The pointing of the small hand of my watch to 7 and the arrival of the train are simultaneous events’ ” of the 1905 paper by Einstein Einstein’s challenge "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  12. Simultaneity is Relative! "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  13. Moving Train seems to be Shorter ! "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  14. Moving Clock Seems to be Slower ! "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  15. Effects on Space & Time • “The speed of light is the same for everyone” & this gives unintended results • From your point of view, the moving things seem: • Shorter in space • Slower in time But the speeds have to be very big to make such difference! You can go faster & faster but never ever reach the speed of light "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  16. Fermilab’s Accelerator pushes protons to:0.9999995 x (speed of light)(This is about 186,000 miles per second!) Every second, they go around the 4-mile ring about 50,000 times! • The protons: • Seem 1000 times thinner. • Have clocks that run 1000 • times slower. 4 MILES "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  17. Space & Time are bent, or curved by matter "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  18. Light path is bent, or curved by matter "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  19. Spectral lines - Cosmic Barcodes neon hydrogen A way to study starts beside space & time – “Spectral Lines” "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  20. Red shift Blue shift Two way to detect star relative motion – Red Shift & Blue Shift (Object moving away) (Objectmoving toward) www.astro.ucla.edu/%7Ewright/doppler.htm "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  21. An Expanding Universe A tiny spot from the Hubble Space Telescope Every blob is a galaxy with ~100,000,000,000 stars. All are rushing away from us, REDSHIFT. . . expanding Universe! Dr. Hubble (Wheaton) discovered that. BIG BANG 13.5 billion years ago But not BIG, TINY! "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  22. Final Life of Big Stars – Black Holes The Black Hole is invisible, but you can see stuff around it. "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  23. Discovery: Evidences of Black Holes Hubble Uncovers Dust Disk Around a Massive Black Hole "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  24. Summary of What We Have Learnt • Space & Time are relative • Moving things look shorter & slower • Spacetime is bent by matter • Light path is bent by matter • Spectral lines are used to identify chemical elements on stars • Red shift & blue shift of spectral lines are used to detect relative motions of stars • The present universe is expanding • If you want to learn more -> "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

  25. Welcome to Fermilab !!! • Come to visit Fermilab – A place to explore nature at the smallest scales !!! • Come to Lederman Science Center ( lots of science demonstrations & fun !!! ) • Come Ask-a-Scientist • Come for the Prairie "Space,Time & Einstein", Dr.M.J. Wang

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