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The Holocaust

The Holocaust. Chapter 32, Section 3. The Holocaust Begins. Hitler knowingly tapped into a hatred for Jews that had deep roots in European history. Jews as scapegoats for personal failures. Germany’s defeat in World War I Targeting Jews government policy

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The Holocaust

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  1. The Holocaust Chapter 32, Section 3

  2. The Holocaust Begins • Hitler knowingly tapped into a hatred for Jews that had deep roots in European history. • Jews as scapegoats for • personal failures. • Germany’s defeat in World War I • Targeting Jews government policy • 1935 Nuremberg Laws- Jews no longer German citizens. Forbade marriages between Jews and non-Jews

  3. “Night of Broken Glass” • On November 7, 1938, a Jewish youth from Germany, shot a German diplomat living in Paris to avenge his father’s deportation to Poland. • November 9, 1938: In retaliation Nazi leaders in Germany launched a violent attack on the Jewish community. • SA (storm troopers) and SS, who attacked Jewish homes, businesses, and synagogues. This night was called Kristallnacht.

  4. Burning Synagogue on Kristallnacht

  5. Did you know? • Kristallnacht was not just staged without planning, but served a specific purpose in Nazi policy- major step-up in the Nazi policy of Jewish persecution. This picture is typical of the smashed windows of Jewish businesses on Kristallnacht.

  6. A Flood of Refugees • By the end of 1939, a number of German Jews had fled to other countries. • At first, Hitler favored emigration as a solution to what he called “the Jewish problem.” • After admitting tens of thousands of Jewish refugees, France, Britain, and the United States abruptly closed their doors to further immigration.

  7. Isolating the Jews • Hitler then ordered Jews in all countries under his control to be moved to designated cities called ghettos. (forced to wear Star of David) • Hitler hoped that the Jews in the ghettos would die of starvation or disease

  8. The “Final Solution” • Hitler’s plan called the “Final Solution” was a genocide plan to systematically kill an entire people. • Hitler believed that his plan of world conquest depended on the purity of the Aryan race • He tried to eliminate other groups he viewed as “subhuman.” • Roma (gypsies), Poles, Russians • the insane • the disabled • the incurably ill

  9. The Killings Begin • As the Nazis moved across Europe the SS killing squads rounded up men, women, children, and even babies and shot them in pits where they were buried. • Other Jews were rounded up and herded into concentration camps where they were slave labor. • Inmates would work seven days a week for the SS or for German businesses. Food consisted of thin soup, scraps of bread, and potato peelings. Most inmates lost 50 lbs quickly.

  10. The Final Stage • In 1942 the Germans built huge exterminations camps equipped with gas chambers that could kill as many as 6,000 people in a day. • Committees of Nazi doctors separated the strong (mostly men) from the weak (women, children, and elderly). The weak went to their deaths in the gas chambers usually that day. • The victims were told to undress and head into the gas chambers under the guise they were taking showers. Cyanide gas from Zyklon B granules came through the fake showerheads.

  11. Empty Zyklon B canisters found by the Allies at Auschwitz at the end of World War II Zyklon B granules on display at Auschwitz

  12. Camp Markings Nazi concentration camp badges, primarily triangles, were part of the system of identification in Nazi camps. They were used in the concentration camps in the Nazi-occupied countries to identify the reason the prisoners had been placed there. The triangles were made of fabric and were sewn on jackets and trousers of the prisoners. These mandatory badges of shame had specific meanings indicated by their colour and shape.

  13. Dutch Jews wearing the yellow star with an “N” superimposed over it meaning they were from the Netherlands.

  14. Auschwitz Death Camp, Poland • Except for the picture on this slide, all other Auschwitz pictures are by Elisabeth Yankey taken in 2001.

  15. This wheeled table helped transport the bodies of the gassed victims to the ovens for cremation.

  16. This mechanism rotated the table upon which the bodies of the gassed victims were transferred to the ovens for cremation.

  17. There was once a building standing here, but this is the area where the Nazis themselves burned this building down to attempt to destroy evidence of the death camps.

  18. inmate barracks

  19. These are burned down barracks where the Nazis again tried to destroy evidence of atrocities in the Auschwitz camp.

  20. Jews Killed Under Nazi Rule* *Estimates Source: Hannah Vogt, The Burden of Guilt

  21. The Survivors • About six million European Jews were killed during the Holocaust. • Less than four million European Jews survived. • Some Jews were helped by non-Jews who risked there lives, hid Jews in their homes, and helped them escape to neutral countries.

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