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DISTRIBUSI PROBABILITA

DISTRIBUSI PROBABILITA. Distribusi ? Probabilitas ? Distribusi Probabilitas ?. Distribusi = sebaran, pencaran, susunan data Probabilitas: a priori , p = f / (f + u) a Posteriori = rasio outcome dengan jumlah exsperimen, hasil dari data secara empiris

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DISTRIBUSI PROBABILITA

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  1. DISTRIBUSI PROBABILITA • Distribusi ? • Probabilitas ? • Distribusi Probabilitas ?

  2. Distribusi = sebaran, pencaran, susunan data • Probabilitas: • a priori, p = f / (f + u) • a Posteriori = rasio outcome dengan jumlah exsperimen, hasil dari data secara empiris • Distribusi probabilitas adalah deskripsi/gambaran probabilitas terjadinya setiap nilai dalam sutu populasi dari percobaan. • Douglas et al, mendefinisikan Probability Distribution is A listing of all possible outcomes of an experiment and the corresponding probability.

  3. Contoh:Melantunkan satu mata uang logam yang dilakukan tiga kali • Ruang sampel (sample space) ? • Bila yang diinginkan adalah yang muncul muka (depan), berapa titik sampel ? • Apa yang termasuk variabel independen (peubah acak)? • Berapa probabilitas bila yang terjadi adalah 2 kali yang muncul muka uang? • Tentukan distribusi probabilitasnya!

  4. S ={BBB, BBM, BMB, MBB, BMM, MBM, MMB, MMM} • {BBB, (BBM,BMB,MBB), (BMM,MBM,MMB), MMM} = 0,1,2,3 (empat titik sampel) • Peubah acak (Variabel independen), banyak bagian muka uang yang muncul bila satu mata uang di lantunkan tiga kali adalh 0, 1, 2 ,3 • p = 3/8

  5. Distribusi probabilitas

  6. Latihan 1:Bila dua dadu di lantunkan satu kali Tentukan ! • Ruang sampel (sample space) ? • Bila yang diinginkan adalah mata dadu yang muncul berjumlah 4 berapa titik sampel ? • Apa yang termasuk variabel independen (peubah acak)? • Berapa probabilitas bila yang terjadi adalah mata dadu berjumlah 9? • Tentukan distribusi probabilitasnya! Latihan 2:Carilah rumus distribusi probabilitas untuk jumlah muka yang muncul bila satu mata uang dilantunkan empat kali

  7. Tipe Distribusi Probabilitas • Distribusi Diskrit, Apabila variabel yang diukur hanya dapat menjalani nilai-nilai tertentu, seperti bilangan bulat 0, 1, 2, 3 ,,,, (outcome yang tertentu) • Distribusi Binomial • Distribusi Poisson • Distribusi Hipergeometrik • Distribusi kontinu, apabila variabel yang diukur dinyatakan dalam sekala kontinu, 0 ≤ x ≤ k. • Distribusi Normal

  8. Distribusi Probabilitas Kumulatif • Bila p (x) adalah probabilitas kejadian variabel acak X, maka maka untuk setiap x yang mungkin adalah • P (x) ≥ 0 •  p(x) =1 • P (X=x) = p(x) MAKA DIST. PROBABILITAS KUMULATIF F(X) = p (X ≤ x) =  p (a) a ≤ x

  9. Pada contoh 1 Distribusi kumultaif adalah Hitung distribusi kumultif untuk latihan 1 !

  10. Distribusi Probabilitas diskrit • Distribusi Binomial Suatu eksperimen, atau setaip usaha dengan dua kemungkinan hasil sukses atau gagal. Eksperimen semacam ini dinamakan eksperimen bernoulli, apabila probabilitas sukses pada setiap eksperimen tetap, misalnya p, maka banyaknya sukses x dalam eksperimen Bernoulli berdistribusi Binomial p(x) = (n, x) px (1-p)n-x

  11. Suatu percobaan binomial ialah yang memenuhi persyaratan sebagai berikut: • Percobaan/eksperimen terdiri dari n yang berulang • Setiap usaha memberikan hasil yang dapat ditentukan dengan sukses atau gagal • Probabilitas sukses, dinyatakan dengan p, tidak berubah dari usaha yang satu ke usaha yang berikutnya • Tiap usaha bebas dengan usaha yang lainnya.

  12. Pada contoh 1Melantunkan uang logam tiga kali, lantunan sukses bila diperoleh satu kali bagian belakang uang yang muncul S ={BBB, BBM, BMB, MBB, BMM, MBM, MMB, MMM} p(x) = (n, x) px (1-p)n-x P(B) = n!/ B!(n-B)!. PB. (1-P)n-b P (B=1) = (3.2.1)/(1).(2.1) .(1/2)(1/2)3-1 = 3. ½. ¼ = 3/8

  13. Discrete Probability Distribution • The sum of the probabilities of the various outcomes is 1.00. • The outcomes are mutually exclusive. • The probability of a particular outcome is between 0 and 1.00.

  14. The long-run average value of the random variable Mean The centrallocation of the data Also referred to as its expected value, E(X), in a probability distribution

  15. Measures the amount of spread (variation) of a distribution Variance Standard deviation is the square root of s2. Denoted by the Greek letter s2 (sigma squared)

  16. EX: Dan Desch, owner of College Painters, studied his records for the past 20 weeks and reports the following number of houses painted per week Solve a problem !

  17. Mean number of houses painted per week

  18. Variance in the number of houses painted per week

  19. Binomial Probability Distribution • n is the number of trials • x is the number of observed successes • p is the probability of success on each trial n! x!(n-x)!

  20. EX binomial: The Alabama Department of Labor reports that 20% of the workforce in Mobile is unemployed and interviewed 14 workers. What is the probability that exactly three are unemployed? ANS: At least three are unemployed

  21. contionued The probability at least one is unemployed?

  22. Mean of the Binomial Distribution Variance of the Binomial Distribution

  23. In EX Binomial: • Recall that p =.2 and n =14 m = np = 14(.2) = 2.8 s2 = n p(1- p ) = (14)(.2)(.8) =2.24

  24. latihan • According to recent information published in the Florence Sun Times 36 percent of the households in the United States have one TV set, 47 percent have 2 sets, 15 percent have 3 sets, and 2 percent have 4 sets. • What is the mean number of sets per household? b. What is the variance of the number of sets per household? 2. For a particular group of taxpayers, 25 percent of the returns are audited. Six taxpayers are randomly selected from the group. a. What is the probability two are audited? b. What is the probability two or more are audited? c. What is the mean number of audited? d. What is the variance of audited?

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