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WATER POLLUTION CONTROL

WATER POLLUTION CONTROL. IWRM for River Basin Organisations. LEARNING OBJECTIVES. Basis of pollution control for water resources management Approaches and steps for pollution control Explore management interventions, tools and instruments available

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WATER POLLUTION CONTROL

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  1. WATER POLLUTION CONTROL IWRM for River Basin Organisations.

  2. LEARNING OBJECTIVES • Basis of pollution control for water resources management • Approaches and steps for pollution control • Explore management interventions, tools and instruments available • To understand appropriate incentives to manage pollution

  3. Introduction • Water resources management related maintenance of adequate quantities of water of adequate quality; • Water pollution control is probably the least effective WRM function; • Pollution problem worsening with urbanisation, industrialisation, population growth.

  4. Discussion • Why does pollution generate little practical action? • What is the significance of pollution issues in your basin? Are the main polluters known? • How much resources are committed to pollution control?

  5. What are my water management objectives? • Measure the extent of the pollution problem and the progress being made. • Ensure major polluters are known and are managed through a licensing or permit system.

  6. Problem Identification and prioritisation • Assessment of trends (for both water quality and in water requirements) • Identify problem areas that require intervention • Prioritise water quality problems • Economic impact • Human health impact • Severity of pollution • Geographical extent of impact • Duration of impact • Size and degradability of pollution

  7. Groundwater protection • Not always apparent that damage has been, or is being, done to the groundwater resource • Clean-up of groundwater pollution is expensive and takes long • Makes high proportion of water resources being used • Identify threat to groundwater identified • large or small • point or diffuse sources • conservative and degradable pollutants

  8. POLLUTION CONTROL POLICY • Policy statements regarding water pollution control may be scattered; • environmental legislation • water resources management • Public health regulation • Policies are political intentions and have real impact on practical management of pollution

  9. Principles for water pollution control • Prevent pollution than treating pollution • Use the precautionary principle • Apply the polluter-pays-principle • Apply realistic standards and regulations • Balance economic and regulatory instruments • Apply participatory approach at the lowest appropriate level • Establish mechanisms for cross-sectoral integration

  10. Identify Pollution control • Two major categories of pollution • Point pollution • Non-point/diffuse pollution • Control options • Effluent/emission control • Water body controls • Water body is complex • Non-point discharges in particular require coordination with other sectors

  11. Management Interventions • Appropriate interventions • Policy and legislation making • Basin planning and sector co-ordination measures • Preparation/adjustment of regulations • Updating of management instruments • Monitoring. • Enforcement of legislation. • Training and information dissemination • Define long-term objectives

  12. Analysis of present capacity • Potential and constraints • Suitable institutional framework • Number and suitability of staff • Availability of relevant new staff • Availability of financial resources • Training needs for staff • Relationship between basin management and political administration at RBO level.

  13. Pollution Control Plan • Action plan • Development of an enabling environment, i.e. a policies, national legislation, regulations and local by-laws • Development of institutional framework to allow for interaction and action close pollution source • Actions for enhancing planning and prioritisation and application of management capabilities for RBO decide on alternative actions and effect change.

  14. Implementation • Pollution control will have no significance if the management plan is not implemented • Phased implementation may be necessary • Indicator for monitoring the progress

  15. Management tools and instruments • Regulations, management procedures and by-laws • Water quality standards • Economic instruments • Monitoring systems • Discharge permitting • Water quality modelling tools • Environmental impact assessment

  16. Typical Permitting conditions • Standard of wastewater discharge permitted • Maximum allowable volume (per day and per hour) • Monitoring of wastewater quality and flow • Record keeping and reporting requirements • Charges to defray RBO costs for monitoring and inspections • Relevant conditions depending on circumstances

  17. Financing implementation • Where does the money come from?

  18. How are you doing in your basin? • Is the extent and seriousness of surface and ground water pollution known? • Are polluters licensed according to the regulations? • Is there compliance with pollution permits/ licenses?

  19. THANK YOU

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