World Semester 1 Review

1. World Semester 1 Review Ms. Ramos Alta Loma High School

2. What was groundbreaking about the development of democracy? • People were governed by councils, instead of by an absolute ruler.

3. A political system in which representatives are elected by the people follows the model of • a republic.

4. Greco-Roman and Judeo-Christian traditions share an emphasis on • individual choice.

5. According to ancient Greek philosophers, with whom did a tyrant share power? • nobody

6. Plato wrote that a tyrant can become dangerous because every tyrant has too much • freedom to rule.

7. “We, the Japanese people… do proclaim that sovereign power resides with the people and do firmly establish this Constitution.”—The Constitution of Japan, 1946What principle is reflected in the quotation from the Japanese Constitution? • popular sovereignty

8. The U.S. Constitution reflects the principle of _____ by sharing power between the national and state governments. • federalism

9. The division of South Korea’s government into three branches with distinct powers reflects the principle of • separation of powers

10. European intellectual movement that emphasized the responsibility of government to protect people’s natural rights was called the • Enlightenment.

11. The phrase “natural rights” is original to and central to the writings of which philosopher? • John Locke

12. The ideas of Locke and Rousseau influenced ____ in his commitment to fight for democratic revolution in Latin America. • Simón Bolívar

13. The American Declaration of Independence and the French Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen both • emphasize the rights of the individual.

14. English colonists in America expected to have representative government in the colonies because • there was a tradition of representative government in England.

15. John Adams, second U.S. president, said that even before the War for Independence began, “The Revolution was in the hearts and minds of the people.” What is the best way to paraphrase Adams’s meaning? • The American Revolution was rooted in people’s beliefs.

16. Which document was written before all the others?Articles of ConfederationU.S. ConstitutionDeclaration of IndependenceUnited States Bill of Rights • Declaration of Independence

17. In pre-Revolutionary France, what were the social classes called • estate system

18. Who carried out the “Reign of Terror” in France? • the Committee for Public Safety

19. What form of government did Napoleon Bonaparte lead? • dictatorship

20. What was the primary concern of the Concert of Europe? • the possibility of revolution

21. What was a direct effect of increased food production during Europe’s Agricultural Revolution? • The population increased.

22. A defining feature of Europe’s Industrial Revolution was that many commercial goods were made by ____. • machine

23. A geographic advantage of England in the Industrial Revolution was its • natural harbors

24. The “Black Country” of England was known for its • smoke from coal.

25. What impact did the steam engine have on the growth of industry? • provided an efficient source of power

26. By the 1840s, England was connected by a network of • railroads.

27. In Great Britain, the Factory Act of 1819 declared it illegal for children to work more than 12 hours a day. What does the act suggest about labor conditions at that time? • Some children spent more than half of each day working.

28. In 1902, Pennsylvania coal miners refused to work, returning to their jobs only when guaranteed a 10 percent pay increase and reduction of hours. The miners’ action is an example of • a strike.

29. “They are the leaders on the way to material progress . . . . They guess what the consumers would like to have and are intent on providing them with these things.”—from Human Action: A Treatise onEconomics, Ludwig von MisesAccording to the quotation, what skill is important to a business leader? • an understanding of people’s needs

30. What is the goal of industrial production? • the manufacture of consumer goods that can be sold

31. What was the relationship between work and property in a utopian community? • People worked together and shared their property.

32. With what economic idea is Karl Marx most closely associated? • communism

33. Citizens in a social democracy expect their government to • provide them with certain benefits.

34. Which economic system emerged in Europe as a response to both capitalist and socialist ideals? • social democracy

35. Which would have been the most likely subject for a classical painter?a farmer milking a cowfolk dancingancient Greek philosophersa sunset over magnificent mountains • ancient Greek philosophers

36. European Romanticism celebrated the beauty of nature at a time when • industrialization was polluting the land.

37. Nineteenth-century European Romantics tended to view the past as a • gentler time.

38. What geography-related goal most motivated 19th-century European imperialists?exploration of major waterwaysexploration of inland areasdiscovery of shorter trade routescontrol of trade routes • control of trade routes

39. Christian missionaries in colonized lands, in the 1800s,wanted people in other lands to • become Christians.

40. A 19th-century English Social Darwinist would say that his or her nation’s power was proof of • its superiority.

41. What two European nations colonized most of South America? • England and France

42. The purpose of the Berlin Conference was to plan for the • division of Africa.

43. STUDY for your final!!!!!!