POETRY-- Examples

1. POETRY-- Examples

2. Stanza • Little Lamb who made thee Dost thou know who made thee Gave thee life & bid thee feed. By the stream & o'er the mead; Gave thee clothing of delight, Softest clothing wooly bright; Gave thee such a tender voice, Making all the vales rejoice! Little Lamb who made thee Dost thou know who made thee

3. Verse • Little Lamb who made thee Dost thou know who made thee Gave thee life & bid thee feed. By the stream & o'er the mead;

4. Words sound alike because they share the same ending vowel and consonant sounds. (A word always rhymes with itself.) LAMP STAMP Share the short “a” vowel sound Share the combined “mp” consonant sound RHYME

5. Rhyme • where there's ice and snow, there lived a penguin and his name was Joe." • Brown: [- clown, crown, down, drown, frown, gown, noun, town]

6. Slant rhyme • how, row • lovely, funny. • eyes, light; • years, yours eyes, light; years, yours

7. RHYME SCHEME • A rhyme scheme is a pattern of rhyme (usually end rhyme, but not always). • Use the letters of the alphabet to represent sounds to be able to visually “see” the pattern. (See next slide for an example.)

8. Rhyme scheme Bid me to weep, and I will weep, (A) While I have eyes to see; (B) And having none, yet I will keep (A) A heart to weep for thee. (B) • Sounds in orange are marked with the letter A • Sounds in purple are marked with the letter B

9. SAMPLE RHYME SCHEME • The Germ by Ogden Nash • A mighty creature is the germ, • Though smaller than the pachyderm. • His customary dwelling place • Is deep within the human race. • His childish pride he often pleases • By giving people strange diseases. • Do you, my poppet, feel infirm? • You probably contain a germ. a a b b c c a a

10. RHYTHM • The beat created by the sounds of the words in a poem • Rhythm can be created by meter, rhyme, alliteration and refrain.

11. Rhythm • I hear the sound I love, the soung of the hyman voice, I hear all sounds running together, combined, fused, or following,

12. Allusion comes from the verb “allude” which means “to refer to” An allusion is a reference to something famous. A tunnel walled and overlaid With dazzling crystal: we had read Of rare Aladdin’s wondrous cave, And to our own his name we gave. From “Snowbound” John Greenleaf Whittier Allusion

13. Allusion • "As the cave's roof collapsed, he was swallowed up in the dust like Jonah, and only his frantic scrabbling behind a wall of rock indicated that there was anyone still alive". • Christy didn't like to spend money. She was no Scrooge, but she seldom purchased anything except the bare necessities".

14. ALLITERATION • Consonant sounds repeated at the beginnings of words • If Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers, how many pickled peppers did Peter Piper pick?

15. Alliteration • Don't delay dawns disarming display . Dusk demands daylight . Dewdrops dwell delicatelydrawing dazzling delight .Dewdrops dilute daisies domain. Distinguished debutantes . Diamonds defray delivereddaylights distilled daisy dance .

16. IMAGERY • Language that appeals to the senses. • Most images are visual, but they can also appeal to the senses of sound, touch, taste, or smell. then with cracked hands that ached from labor in the weekday weather . . . from “Those Winter Sundays”

17. Imagery • sight: the rose is bright red • hearing: it sounds like the chirping of several birds, with their high voices. • smell: the air smells like going to the countryside. fresh and green. no smell of smoke but the fresh waters and the leaves. • touch: it feels bumpy yet gives off a welcoming warmth • taste: it tastes sweet yet spicy at once, with a tinge of orange taste

18. ~IMAGES~ The bear in the back room is wormy Its meat is all stinky and squirmy, So I’m reading a book About how to cook And another about taxidermy. Appeal to the five senses

19. Simile • My love is like a red, red rose —Robert Burns • Her hair was like gravy, running brown off her head and clumping up on her shoulders. • You are like a hurricane: there's calm in your eye, but I'm getting blown away —Neil Young • The air-lifted rhinoceros hit the ground like a garbage bag filled with split pea soup.

20. Simile“It seems to meYou’ve lived your lifeLike a candle in the wind” Elton John

21. SIMILE • A comparison of two things using “like, as than,” or “resembles.” • “She is as beautiful as a sunrise.”

22. When a person, place, thing, or event that has meaning in itself also represents, or stands for, something else. = Innocence = America = Peace SYMBOLISM

23. Limerick • Old Man with a Beard There was an Old Man with a beard,Who said, 'It is just as I feared! Two Owls and a Hen, Four Larks and a Wren, Have all built their nests in my beard!'

24. LYRIC • A short poem • Usually written in first person point of view • Expresses an emotion or an idea or describes a scene • Do not tell a story and are often musical • (Many of the poems we read will be lyrics.)

25. Lyric poetry • Dying (I heard a fly buzz when I died )by Emily Dickinson • I heard a fly buzz when I died;The stillness round my formWas like the stillness in the airBetween the heaves of storm.

26. Lyric Poetry Lyric poetry developed from an ancient Greek form of poetry that was accompanied by a musical instrument. These types of poems are like songs and have a musical quality about them. Lyric poems appeal to our senses and emotions. They are personal, subjective poems. By choosing words and phrases carefully, you can set the mood for a lyric poem. Lyric poems can rhyme or be in free verse. Autumn The morns are meeker than they were, The nuts are getting brown; The berry's cheek is plumper, The rose is out of town. The maple wears a gayer scarf, The field a scarlet gown, Lest I should be old-fashioned, I'll put a trinket on. -Emily Dickinson April The roofs are shining from the rain, The sparrows twitter as they fly, And with a windy April grace The little clouds go by. Yet the backyards are bare and brown With only one unchanging tree- I could not be so sure of Spring Save that it sings in me. -Sara Teasdale

27. A poem that tells a story. Generally longer than the lyric styles of poetry b/c the poet needs to establish characters and a plot. Examples of Narrative Poems “The Raven” “The Highwayman” “Casey at the Bat” “The Walrus and the Carpenter” NARRATIVE POEMS

28. Others: Casey at the bat Narrative Poems Narrative poems tell stories. These stories can be about real or fictional events or ordinary or famous people. Kings, queens, knights, explorers, adventurers, soldiers, travelers, and presidents have all been written about in narrative poems. They can rhyme or be free verse. Captain Kidd by Rosemary and Stephen Vincent Benet This person in the gaudy clothes Is worthy Captain Kidd. They say he never buried gold, I think, perhaps, he did. They say it's all a story that His favorite little song, Was "Make these lubbers walk the plank!" I think, perhaps, they're wrong. They say he never pirated Beneath the Skull and Bones. He merely traveled for his health And spoke in soothing tones. In fact, you'll read in nearly all The newer history books That he was mild as cottage cheese -But I don't like his looks. The Listeners by Walter de la Mare On the next page, read the poem aloud. As students listen and read the poem, ask them to imagine Abe as his mother describes him. When finished, have them create an original narrative poem of their own.

29. Situational You break a date with your girlfriend so you can go to the ball game with the guys. When you go to the concession stand, you run into your date who is with another guy Verbal You are arguing with your mother, who reprimands you for being "smart." Your reply is a sarcastic, "If you think I am smart, then why won't you let me make some smart decisions?" DRAMATIC In Hawthorne's "The Scarlet Letter," when Hester is in the governor's garden to see to it that Pearl is not taken away from her, she asks the Reverend Dimmesdale to support her position. This is an example of dramatic irony as the reader knows that Dimmesdale and Hester are partners in sin, but the characters do not Irony

30. Puns • Yesterday I rode my bike twice, I guess that makes me a recycler. • The untruthful deli clerk was full of baloney. • Little Jimmy told his teacher he never saw a humming bird but he had watched a spelling bee.

31. In concrete poems, the words are arranged to create a picture that relates to the content of the poem. Poetry Is like Flames, Which are Swift and elusive Dodging realization Sparks, like words on the Paper, leap and dance in the Flickering firelight. The fiery Tongues, formless and shifting Shapes, tease the imiagination. Yet for those who see, Through their mind’s Eye, they burn Up the page. CONCRETE POEMS

32. END RHYME • A word at the end of one line rhymes with a word at the end of another line • Hector the Collector • Collected bits of string. • Collected dolls with broken heads • And rusty bells that would not ring.

33. End rhyme • Whose woods these are I think I know,His house is in the village, though;He will not see me stopping hereTo watch his woods fill up with snow.

34. INTERNAL RHYME • A word inside a line rhymes with another word on the same line. • Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary. • From “The Raven” • by Edgar Allan Poe

35. Internal rhyme • Now, Jenny and me were engaged, you seeOn the eve of a fancy ballSo a kiss or two is nothing to youOr anyone else at all.Now we had arranged, through notes exchangedEarly that afternoonAt number four to dance no more,But to sit in the dusk, and spoon.

36. Eye rhyme • move and love, • bough and though, • come and home, • laughter and daughter

37. A sound, word, phrase or line repeated regularly in a poem. “Quoth the raven, ‘Nevermore.’” REFRAIN

38. Refrain There lived a lady by the North Sea shore, Lay the bent to the bonny broom Two daughters were the babes she bore. Lay the bent to the bonny broom As one grew bright as is the sun, Lay the bent to the bonny broom So coal black grew the other one. Lay the bent to the bonny broom

39. Meter meter: the regular pattern of beats and stresses in a poem unstressed syllable stressed syllable the meter is named for the number of sets of stressed and unstressed syllables per line tetrameter = four sets of stressed and unstressed syllables pentameter = five sets of stressed and unstressed syllables To him who in the love of Nature holds -William Cullen Bryant Shall I compare thee to a summer's day - William Shakespear

40. METER • A pattern of stressed and unstressed syllables. • Meter occurs when the stressed and unstressed syllables of the words in a poem are arranged in a repeating pattern. • When poets write in meter, they count out the number of stressed (strong) syllables and unstressed (weak) syllables for each line. They they repeat the pattern throughout the poem.

41. FOOT - unit of meter. A foot can have two or three syllables. Usually consists of one stressed and one or more unstressed syllables. TYPES OF FEET The types of feet are determined by the arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables. (cont.) METER cont.

42. METAPHOR • A direct comparison of two unlike things • “All the world’s a stage, and we are merely players.” - William Shakespeare

43. My brother is A PIG! ~METAPHOR~ ~a direct comparison; does NOT use “like” or “as”

44. Metaphor • "My heart is a lonely hunter that hunts on a lonely hill."(William Sharp, "The Lonely Hunter") • "Memory is a crazy woman that hoards colored rags and throws away food."(Austin O'Malley) • "Words are bullets, and should be used sparingly, aimed toward a target."(Army Colonel Dick Hallock)

45. ONOMATOPOEIA • Words that imitate the sound they are naming • BUZZ • OR sounds that imitate another sound • “The silken, sad, uncertain, rustling of • each purple curtain . . .”

46. ~ONOMATOPOEIA~ “Black is the clear glass now that he glides, Crisp is the whisper of long, lean strides…” from “The Skater of Ghost Lake” by William Rose Benet ~when a word sounds like what it means

47. Onomatopoeia • The moan of doves in immemorial elms,And murmuring of innumerable bees."(Alfred, Lord Tennyson, "Come Down, O Maid") • "I'm getting married in the morning!Ding dong! the bells are gonna chime."(Lerner and Loewe, "Get Me to the Church on Time," My Fair Lady) • "One of these days, Alice. Pow! Right in the kisser!"(Jackie Gleason, The Honeymooners • "Plop, plop, fizz, fizz, oh what a relief it is."(Advertising slogan of Alka Seltzer)

48. An animal given human-like qualities or an object given life-like qualities. from “Ninki” by Shirley Jackson “Ninki was by this time irritated beyond belief by the general air of incompetence exhibited in the kitchen, and she went into the living room and got Shax, who is extraordinarily lazy and never catches his own chipmunks, but who is, at least, a cat, and preferable, Ninki saw clearly, to a man with a gun. PERSONIFICATION

49. Personification • "And indeed there will be timeFor the yellow smoke that slides along the street,Rubbing its back upon the window panes."(T. S. Eliot, "The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock") • "The operation is over. On the table, the knife lies spent, on its side, the bloody meal smear-dried upon its flanks. The knife rests."(Richard Selzer, "The Knife")

50. Couplet • "Morning Swim" Into my empty head there comea cotton beach, a dock wherefrom