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Human Evolution / Hominid Powerpoint
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Hominid: A primate of a family (Hominidae) that includes humans and their fossil ancestors.
Sehlanthropus Tchadensis ● 7 million years ago ● Brain size: 350 cc ● foramen magnum slightly more forward than a chimpanzee's
Orrorin Tugenensis ● 6 million years ago ● Smaller Canine Teeth ● No skull found yet ● Leg bones indicate it was bipedal
Ardipithecus Kadabba ● 5.6 million years ago ● Leg bones indicate it was bipedal ● Canine teeth smaller
Ardipithecus Ramidus ● 4.4 million years ago ● Brain size 350 cc
● Walked bipedally but hunched over ● Pelvis more like a human's than a chimpanzee's ● Hands more like a human's than a chimpanzee's ● Foramen magnum almost directly below the skull
Australopithecus Anamensis ● 4.1 million years ago ● Smaller canine teeth
Australopithecus Bahrelghazali ● 3.5 million years ago ● reduced prognathism
Australopithecus Afarensis (“Lucy”) ● 3.2 million years ago ● Brain size 438 cc ● Fully Human-like teeth ● Foreman magnum directly below the skull ● almost fully Human-like pelvis ● Walked bipedally upright ● Human-like hands
Australopithecus Afarensis ● Shin bone found first, rest of the body 1 mile away (the shin was probably from a separate individual) ● Eight more individuals found since then, including an adult male and two children
Afarensis Male Afarensis Female
Kenyanthropus Platyops ● 3.2 million years ago ● Same brain size as Lucy
Australopithecus Africanus ● 2.5 million years ago ● Brain size: 452 cc ● Human-like Pelvis
Australopithecus Garhi ● 2.5 million years ago ● Brain size 450 cc
The Paranthropus Genus ● Sagittal Crest for attaching jaw muscle ● Large molar teeth for grinding up stems and roots
Other mammals have sagittal crests to increase bite strength
Paranthropus Aethiopicus ● 2.5 million years ago ● Brain size 410 cc
Paranthropus Robustus ● 1.5 million years ago ● Brain size 530 cc
Paranthropus Boisei ● 1.2 million years ago ● Brain size 550 cc
Homo Habilis “Handy Man” ● 2 million years ago ● Brain size 600 cc ● Larger brain than other hominids at the time ● First tool maker ● Human-like hands, pelvis, and teeth
Australopithecus Sediba ● 2 million years ago ● Brain size 420 cc
Homo Rudolfensis ● 1.9 million years ago ● Brain size 526 cc
Homo Ergaster ● 1.8 million years ago ● Brain size 900 cc ● Large increase in brain size after Habilis ● Large Prefrontal Cortex
Homo Gautengensis ● 1.8 million years ago ● Extinct 1 million years ago ● Short stature: 3' 6”
Homo Erectus Georgicus ● 1.7 million years ago ● Brain size 600 cc ● Lived in Europe ● Similar to Homo Erectus and Homo Ergaster