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Chapter 15

Chapter 15. THE CIVIL WAR.

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Chapter 15

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  1. Chapter 15 THE CIVIL WAR

  2. This Currier and Ives lithograph shows the opening moment of the Civil War. On April 12, 1861, Confederate General P.G.T. Beauregard ordered the shelling of Fort Sumter in Charleston harbor. Two days later, Union Major Robert Anderson surrendered, and mobilization began for what turned out to be the most devastating war in American history. SOURCE:The Granger Collection,New York (0011697/4GCR303).

  3. War • Fort Sumter • Quell uprising

  4. Resources North: large population, economics South: home court, survival mode

  5. Challenges South: disorganized, money North: not unified Both: soldiers

  6. NEW TECHNOLOGY Bullets and rifles: farther, more accurate Tactics

  7. War in the East • General W. Scott • Anaconda Plan • Sea, land blockades

  8. Bull Run • N. Virginia, 1861 • Spectators • Implications: • Slow war • Unprofessional

  9. War in the West • Divide and conquer • Battle at Shiloh • 23k dead both sides

  10. MILITARY LIFE Camps unsanitary, dirty Hospitals no help No medical care

  11. Cotton Diplomacy • European support • Cotton • Europe: new markets • U.S. threatens Europe

  12. CONFEDERACY • Ethnically diverse • Soldiers • Immigrants: Cuba, Spain, Greece, Ireland • Tejanos: split loyalties

  13. Natives and the Confederacy Cherokee Promise: arms and protection

  14. Emancipation Proclamation • Lincoln: Jan. 1, 1863 • Freeing of the slaves • Confederate territories • Blacks soldiers • Implications: • Freeing slaves • Black soldiers • Foreign sympathy

  15. Black soldiers • “Glory” • 10% of soldiers • Combat • Discrimination • Fort Pillow – massacre of Black soldiers • Fort Wagner • Decorated soldiers and units

  16. THE OTHER WAR • Latinos • 2500K, Confederates • Loreta Velasquez • Soldier, wounded • Spy • Boson and Nancy Johnson • Slaves • Supporting cause

  17. TURNING POINTS In 1863, south goes offensive Gettysburg Sherman marches south

  18. FIGURE 16.1 The Casualties Mount up This Chart of the ten costliest battles at the Civil War shows of the relentless toll of casualties (killed, wounded, missing, captured) on both Union and Confederate Soldiers.

  19. This striking photograph by Thomas C. Roche shows a dead Confederate soldier, killed at Petersburg on April 3, 1865, only six days before the surrender at Appomattox. The new medium of photography conveyed the horror of the war with a gruesome reality to the American public. SOURCE:Library of Congress.

  20. COST OF WAR • 600K deaths • Infection, disease • Prison camps: Andersonville • 33,000 POW’s • 13,000 graves • Bosque Redondo • Pecos River Valley, TX • Union terror against Navajo

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