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Computing Fundamentals

Computing Fundamentals. Unit 1- Types of Computers. Project. Taxonomy of IT T/F Statements. You’ll learn…. Quick History of Computers Identifying types of computers. Computer has a broad meaning. What is a computer?.

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Computing Fundamentals

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  1. Computing Fundamentals Unit 1- Types of Computers

  2. Project • Taxonomy of IT • T/F Statements

  3. You’ll learn… • Quick History of Computers • Identifying types of computers

  4. Computer has a broad meaning What is a computer? A computer is a person, instrument, or machine that gathers, processes, and stores information.

  5. Binary Numbering The use of the binary number system with two values: 0 and 1. 1= ON 0= OFF What Counting to Ten Looks Like Decimal: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Binary: 0, 1, 10, 11, 100, 101, 110, 111, 1000, 1001, 1010

  6. Charles Babbage- the “father of computing” Designed a steam-powered calculator called the Difference Engine in 1821. His next idea was the Analytical Engine (1856), designed to perform any kind of mathematical calculation.

  7. The British Colossus decoded messages during WWII In 1943, the British built the first “Colossus” computer. Used to decipher encrypted teleprinter messages sent by the Germans during World War II.

  8. Integrated circuits brought “chips” to computers One major step in computer development was the integrated circuit A group of tiny transistors and electric wires built on a silicon wafer, or “chip.” Over the years, IC’s have continued to getsmaller in size but larger in their capacity to function.

  9. The Altair was a computer individuals could afford The first computer that most individuals could afford was the Altair 8800, built in 1975 by MITS. No keyboard or screen Information was entered by clicking switches

  10. Apple created the first user-friendly personal computer Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak created the first user-friendly personal computer, called the Apple, with a built-in keyboard, display screen, and storage unit. The term personal computer refers to a computer designed to be used by one person at a time.

  11. The IBM PC gave way to many clone “compatibles” In 1981, IBM introduced its version of the personal computer—the IBM PC. IBM made the general design available to competing companies, resulting in many clones or “compatibles.” Today, the term PC often refers to computers running Microsoft’s Windows operating system.

  12. Desktop Computer • Personal computer (PC) or MAC • AKA Microcomputer • Individual user

  13. Laptop or Notebook • PC or Mac • Portability • Touchpad

  14. Netbook • NOT laptop replacement • Made for travel • Basic • Check email • Web • Office • No Multitasking

  15. Netbook • Lightweight & smaller • Less powerful than laptop • Small Screen • Longer battery • No CD/DVD • Low in RAM (1GB) • Windows XP/7 Basic

  16. Tablet PC • Form of notebook • Swivel Screen • Handwriting Stylus

  17. Workstation • Multiple CPUs, lots of RAM, multiple, high-capacity drives • Video Editing, CAD, Animation, Scientific, CSI, X-Ray

  18. Server • Performs functions for computers on a network • Hold Data • Handle Email • Web Site

  19. Hand-Held • PDA / SmartPhone • Personal Digital Assistant • AKA Pocket PC • Windows or Palm OS • Touch Screen • Can do email, web, Office, etc.

  20. Terminal • Data entering • Keyboard & Monitor • “Dumb” Terminal • Only performs functions when connected to larger system

  21. Mainframe • Connected to terminals • Bulk data processing • Banks, statistics • Hundreds of thousands $ • Large institutions & govt. • Airlines

  22. Supercomputers • Large & fast • Perform BIG calc’s • Volumes of data • Millions of $$$ • Government • Military • Research Labs • NASA

  23. Other Types of Computers • Poster of “other” types of computers you have come across • Name, where found, info, etc.

  24. Review • Managing an airline reservation & ticketing system would be best performed by which class of computer? • Mainframe • Which computer only performs when connected to a larger computer? • Terminal • What’s another name for a desktop? • Microcomputer

  25. Review • What’s the biggest advantage of using a notebook? • Portability • T/F. A server is dedicated to sharing resources & data.

  26. Computing Fundamentals Unit 2- Computer Hardware

  27. Motherboard • Circuit board/Different sizes • Connects components • CPU • Memory • Expansion ports/slots • Bus

  28. CPU • Microprocessor “Brain” • Hertz (MHz & GHz) • Control unit reads/interprets instructions • Performs calculations to complete tasks • 1979= 8 MHz • 1993= 200 MHz • 2010= 3 GHz

  29. RAM • Active programs/data are held • Stores what you are creating • Volatile (Temporary) • Measured in bytes • MB or GB

  30. Memory Size • 1’s & 0’s • Bit • 8 bits = 1 byte • KB • MB • GB • TB

  31. ROM • BIOS • Has instructions to boot your computer • Read only- no store data • Non-volatile • On motherboard

  32. Boot Process • Start PC • ROM BIOS looks for OS • Loads OS into RAM • OS Starts • You log in

  33. Review • What is a CPU measured in? • MHz or GHz • Which memory is volatile? • RAM • Which is the largest? • 3GB • 3MB • 3KB

  34. Storage- Hard Drive • Hard Drive- Magnetic • MB or GB • 320GB • 1TB

  35. Storage- CD • Optical (laser) • CD-ROM, DVD-ROM • CD-R, DVD+/- R • CD-RW, DVD+/- RW • ROM= Read Only • R= Record Once • RW= Rewritable • CD= 80 min./ 700MB • DVD= 2 hrs./ 4.7GB

  36. Storage- Floppy Disks 8-inch 5 ¼” 3 ½” Magnetic Storage

  37. Storage- Flash • Flash • No moving parts

  38. Review • T/F. Hard drives are used to temporarily store what you are creating. • False • Which removable storage would you use to copy pictures from on Pc to another? • Which optical storage would be used to store music and then later erased to store photos? • CD-RW

  39. Input Devices • Allow data IN the computer

  40. Mouse- Input • Ball • Optical • Laser • On-screen arrow is pointer • Pointing • Clicking • Dragging • Double-clicking • Right-clicking

  41. Voice Recognition- Input • Speak commands into PC & enter text • Software must be installed • Disabled people use

  42. Are these input devices?

  43. Output Devices • Data comes OUT of the computer • Name some

  44. PC Connections

  45. USB Ports • PnP “hot swap” • Handles up to 127 devices • Speeds up to 480mbps (40MB) • A to B connections B A

  46. PS/2 Purple Keyboard Green Mouse 6 pin VGA Blue Monitor 15 pin female PS/2 Ports & VGA Port

  47. Parallel 25 port female IEEE 1284 Old Printers Serial 9 port male RS-232 Old modems & mice Parallel & Serial

  48. Parallel Serial Parallel & Serial Devices

  49. NIC RJ45 100Mbps Modem RJ11 Phone/Line Jacks 56kbps NIC & Modem

  50. Sound Card • Line Out • Headphone • Speakers • Line In • Microphone

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