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Computing Fundamentals. Unit 1- Types of Computers. Project. Taxonomy of IT T/F Statements. You’ll learn…. Quick History of Computers Identifying types of computers. Computer has a broad meaning. What is a computer?.
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Computing Fundamentals Unit 1- Types of Computers
Project • Taxonomy of IT • T/F Statements
You’ll learn… • Quick History of Computers • Identifying types of computers
Computer has a broad meaning What is a computer? A computer is a person, instrument, or machine that gathers, processes, and stores information.
Binary Numbering The use of the binary number system with two values: 0 and 1. 1= ON 0= OFF What Counting to Ten Looks Like Decimal: 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 Binary: 0, 1, 10, 11, 100, 101, 110, 111, 1000, 1001, 1010
Charles Babbage- the “father of computing” Designed a steam-powered calculator called the Difference Engine in 1821. His next idea was the Analytical Engine (1856), designed to perform any kind of mathematical calculation.
The British Colossus decoded messages during WWII In 1943, the British built the first “Colossus” computer. Used to decipher encrypted teleprinter messages sent by the Germans during World War II.
Integrated circuits brought “chips” to computers One major step in computer development was the integrated circuit A group of tiny transistors and electric wires built on a silicon wafer, or “chip.” Over the years, IC’s have continued to getsmaller in size but larger in their capacity to function.
The Altair was a computer individuals could afford The first computer that most individuals could afford was the Altair 8800, built in 1975 by MITS. No keyboard or screen Information was entered by clicking switches
Apple created the first user-friendly personal computer Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak created the first user-friendly personal computer, called the Apple, with a built-in keyboard, display screen, and storage unit. The term personal computer refers to a computer designed to be used by one person at a time.
The IBM PC gave way to many clone “compatibles” In 1981, IBM introduced its version of the personal computer—the IBM PC. IBM made the general design available to competing companies, resulting in many clones or “compatibles.” Today, the term PC often refers to computers running Microsoft’s Windows operating system.
Desktop Computer • Personal computer (PC) or MAC • AKA Microcomputer • Individual user
Laptop or Notebook • PC or Mac • Portability • Touchpad
Netbook • NOT laptop replacement • Made for travel • Basic • Check email • Web • Office • No Multitasking
Netbook • Lightweight & smaller • Less powerful than laptop • Small Screen • Longer battery • No CD/DVD • Low in RAM (1GB) • Windows XP/7 Basic
Tablet PC • Form of notebook • Swivel Screen • Handwriting Stylus
Workstation • Multiple CPUs, lots of RAM, multiple, high-capacity drives • Video Editing, CAD, Animation, Scientific, CSI, X-Ray
Server • Performs functions for computers on a network • Hold Data • Handle Email • Web Site
Hand-Held • PDA / SmartPhone • Personal Digital Assistant • AKA Pocket PC • Windows or Palm OS • Touch Screen • Can do email, web, Office, etc.
Terminal • Data entering • Keyboard & Monitor • “Dumb” Terminal • Only performs functions when connected to larger system
Mainframe • Connected to terminals • Bulk data processing • Banks, statistics • Hundreds of thousands $ • Large institutions & govt. • Airlines
Supercomputers • Large & fast • Perform BIG calc’s • Volumes of data • Millions of $$$ • Government • Military • Research Labs • NASA
Other Types of Computers • Poster of “other” types of computers you have come across • Name, where found, info, etc.
Review • Managing an airline reservation & ticketing system would be best performed by which class of computer? • Mainframe • Which computer only performs when connected to a larger computer? • Terminal • What’s another name for a desktop? • Microcomputer
Review • What’s the biggest advantage of using a notebook? • Portability • T/F. A server is dedicated to sharing resources & data.
Computing Fundamentals Unit 2- Computer Hardware
Motherboard • Circuit board/Different sizes • Connects components • CPU • Memory • Expansion ports/slots • Bus
CPU • Microprocessor “Brain” • Hertz (MHz & GHz) • Control unit reads/interprets instructions • Performs calculations to complete tasks • 1979= 8 MHz • 1993= 200 MHz • 2010= 3 GHz
RAM • Active programs/data are held • Stores what you are creating • Volatile (Temporary) • Measured in bytes • MB or GB
Memory Size • 1’s & 0’s • Bit • 8 bits = 1 byte • KB • MB • GB • TB
ROM • BIOS • Has instructions to boot your computer • Read only- no store data • Non-volatile • On motherboard
Boot Process • Start PC • ROM BIOS looks for OS • Loads OS into RAM • OS Starts • You log in
Review • What is a CPU measured in? • MHz or GHz • Which memory is volatile? • RAM • Which is the largest? • 3GB • 3MB • 3KB
Storage- Hard Drive • Hard Drive- Magnetic • MB or GB • 320GB • 1TB
Storage- CD • Optical (laser) • CD-ROM, DVD-ROM • CD-R, DVD+/- R • CD-RW, DVD+/- RW • ROM= Read Only • R= Record Once • RW= Rewritable • CD= 80 min./ 700MB • DVD= 2 hrs./ 4.7GB
Storage- Floppy Disks 8-inch 5 ¼” 3 ½” Magnetic Storage
Storage- Flash • Flash • No moving parts
Review • T/F. Hard drives are used to temporarily store what you are creating. • False • Which removable storage would you use to copy pictures from on Pc to another? • Which optical storage would be used to store music and then later erased to store photos? • CD-RW
Input Devices • Allow data IN the computer
Mouse- Input • Ball • Optical • Laser • On-screen arrow is pointer • Pointing • Clicking • Dragging • Double-clicking • Right-clicking
Voice Recognition- Input • Speak commands into PC & enter text • Software must be installed • Disabled people use
Output Devices • Data comes OUT of the computer • Name some
USB Ports • PnP “hot swap” • Handles up to 127 devices • Speeds up to 480mbps (40MB) • A to B connections B A
PS/2 Purple Keyboard Green Mouse 6 pin VGA Blue Monitor 15 pin female PS/2 Ports & VGA Port
Parallel 25 port female IEEE 1284 Old Printers Serial 9 port male RS-232 Old modems & mice Parallel & Serial
Parallel Serial Parallel & Serial Devices
NIC RJ45 100Mbps Modem RJ11 Phone/Line Jacks 56kbps NIC & Modem
Sound Card • Line Out • Headphone • Speakers • Line In • Microphone