1 / 41

Carbon Dioxide and Moisture Removal System

Coeus Engineering. Carbon Dioxide and Moisture Removal System. Team Organization. Advisor: Dr. John Graf, NASA ECLSS. Jessica Badger Project Coordinator Aerogels April Snowden Researcher Carbon nanotubes. Dennis Arnold Team Leader Aerogels Julia Thompson Researcher

reyna
Télécharger la présentation

Carbon Dioxide and Moisture Removal System

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Coeus Engineering Carbon Dioxide and Moisture Removal System

  2. Team Organization • Advisor: Dr. John Graf, NASA ECLSS • Jessica Badger • Project Coordinator • Aerogels • April Snowden • Researcher • Carbon nanotubes • Dennis Arnold • Team Leader • Aerogels • Julia Thompson • Researcher • Honeycomb structures Coeus Engineering

  3. Overview • Space Launch Initiative Program • Current RCRS Design (Recap) • Carbon Dioxide/Moisture Removal System (CMRS) Design Requirements • Materials Researched • Honeycomb structures • Carbon nanotubes • Aerogels • Project Specialization • Pressure drop Analysis through aerogel • Summary/Conclusions Coeus Engineering

  4. Space Launch Initiative Program • Focuses on the future of exploration and development of space • Creation of 2nd Generation Reusable Launch Vehicle (RLV) • Lower payload cost to less than $1,000 per pound • Incorporate latest technology for CO2 removal Coeus Engineering

  5. Current RCRS Design • 12 layered CO2 adsorbent “beds” • 6 layers per bed • Alternating active and inactive layers • Active layers remove CO2 • Inactive layers exposed to vacuum to release CO2 • Dimensions: 3 ft x 1 ft x 1.5 ft • Removes ≈ 0.62 lbs CO2/hour • 7 member crew • Requires 26 lbs of solid amine chemical • Requires flow rates of 20 - 40 cfm Coeus Engineering

  6. Airflow Diagram of RCRS Layer • 4 bead-filled foam chambers per layer • Retaining screens • Prevent beads from entering main air stream • 8 screens per layer • Inlet and outlet • Create large pressure drop due to blockage at outlets Coeus Engineering

  7. Specific RCRS Components • Ion-Resin Beads • Copolymer of polystyrene and divinylbenzene • ≈ .3mm diameter • Extremely porous • Coated surface area: 250-350 m2/cm3 • Aluminum Puffed Duocell Foam • Houses ion-resin beds • Structural rigidity • Heat transfer properties Coeus Engineering

  8. Solid-Amine Chemicals • CO2 and H2O “loosely” bond to solid-amines • Can be “coated” onto certain materials • Air + solid-amine reaction produces heat • Common alkanolamine CO2 adsorbents: • monoethanolamine (MEA) • diethanolamine (DEA) • methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) Coeus Engineering

  9. Julia Thompson CMRS Requirments Honeycomb Structures Coeus Engineering

  10. CMRS Design Requirements • Maximize solid-amine surface area • Maximize structural rigidity • Maximize heat transfer from active to inactive beds • Minimize pressure drop through each bed Coeus Engineering

  11. Surface Area & Pressure Drop Structural Rigidity & Heat Transfer Carbon Nanotubes & Aerogels Aluminum Honeycomb Materials Researched Coeus Engineering

  12. Overview of Honeycombs • Packed or joined together in hexagonal manner • High strength and rigidity to weight ratios • Commonly used in sandwiched structures • Airliner floors • Airplane wings • Motorcycle helmets Coeus Engineering

  13. Use of Honeycomb in CMRS • Applied in directional air/fluid flow control and/or energy absorption • Available in various Aluminum alloys • 2024-T81P • Varied cell sizes • 1/4” • Perforated • Allows three-dimensional air flow • Improves heat removal Coeus Engineering

  14. Use of Honeycomb in CMRS • Grade C: Alloy 2024-T81P • Perforated • Hardened • Chemically treated for erosion protection • 3 lbs/ft3 • Total weight of honeycomb in system = 5 lbs • 30 in2 surface area per cubic inch • more surface area = more heat removed Coeus Engineering

  15. Use of Honeycomb in CMRS • Structural Rigidity • Grade C honeycomb provides more structural rigidity than Grade B. • T81 more rigid than T3 • Airflow • 3 dimensional • More air in contact with solid amine Coeus Engineering

  16. Honeycomb vs. Duocell Foam • Heat transfer not a problem • Strength tests • Layers must be built, pressurized. • Manufacturing of layers • Weld/Bond plates to core • Filling with chemical • Less area taken up by aluminum structure Coeus Engineering

  17. April Snowden Carbon Nanotubes Aerogels Coeus Engineering

  18. Diameter Size of nanometers 1/50,000th of a human hair Length Several micrometers Largest is ~ 2 mm Each nanotube is a single molecule Hexagonal network of covalently bonded carbon atoms Super strength Low weight Stability Flexibility Good heat conductance Large surface area 300-800 m2/cm3 Carbon Nanotube Attributes Coeus Engineering

  19. Carbon NanotubeMechanical Properties • Extremely strong • 10-100 times stronger than steel per unit weight • High elastic moduli • About 1 TPa • Flexible • Can be flattened, twisted, or bent around sharp bends without breaking • Great performance under compression • High thermal conductivity Coeus Engineering

  20. Carbon Nanotube Possible Uses • Transistors & diodes • Field emitters for flat-panel displays • Cellular-phone signal amplifiers • Ion storage for batteries • Materials strengthener • Polymer composites • Low-viscosity composite Coeus Engineering

  21. Potential Use for CMRS • Coat nanotubes with solid amine • Maximize surface area • Eliminate mesh retaining screen • Carbon nanotubes fixed to housing structure • No need for beads • Minimize pressure drop • Nanotube structure • Replace aluminum Duocell foam with aluminum/carbon nanotube composite Coeus Engineering

  22. Aerogel Attributes • Critically evaporated gel • Lightest solid known • Almost transparent solid Coeus Engineering

  23. Aerogels as Support Structures • Young’s modulus: 106 – 107 N/m2 • Tensile strength: 16 Kpa • Density: ≥ 0.003 g/m3 • Support 1500 times their own weight Coeus Engineering

  24. Aerogels as High Surface Area Materials • Up to 99% air • Pore size • Range from 3 nm to 50 nm • Average about 20 nm • Allows O2 and N2 molecules to flow through • Effective surface area: 300 – 400 m2/cm3 • Possible Use • Replace ion resin beads Coeus Engineering

  25. Ion-Resin Beads / Carbon Nanotubes / Aerogels Coeus Engineering

  26. Dennis Arnold New Design Plan Analysis of New Design Coeus Engineering

  27. Project Specialization • Focused on use of aerogels in CMRS • Time constraints • Amount of readily available information • Nanotubes are in early development stages • NASA currently researching nanotubes Coeus Engineering

  28. Aerogels Replacing Beads • Issue of pressure drop through chambers full of aerogel • Discussed issue with Dr. Noel Clemens • Aerogels would result in lack of sufficient airflow • Decided NOT to replace the beads with aerogel • Decided to keep the beads, replace screen • Concluded to research replacing the mesh screen with a thin slice of aerogel Coeus Engineering

  29. Aerogels Replacing Mesh Screen • Air flow is choked by the beads at the outlet retaining screen Coeus Engineering

  30. Aerogels Replacing Mesh Screen • Theoretically, air flows around the beads and through the aerogel slice without blockage Coeus Engineering

  31. Aerogel Pressure Drop Analysis • Start with Darcy’s Law: Q = volumetric flow rate K = permeability A = area perpendicular to flow L = length of flow across medium ∆P = Change in pressure across medium Coeus Engineering

  32. Pressure Drop Analysis (Cont) • Rearranged into slope-intercept form: • Which resembles m = slope b = y-intercept Coeus Engineering

  33. Pressure Drop Analysis (Cont) • Estimated slope from figure • Slope = 1/K Coeus Engineering

  34. Pressure Drop Analysis (Cont) • Solving Darcy’s law for ∆P: Q = 20 cfm L = 0.15 x 21/2 in. A = 3 ft. x 1.25 in. x Cosine 45⃘ K = 1.8 x 106 g/cm3 – s2 ∆P = 3.7 in H2O Coeus Engineering

  35. Pressure Drop Analysis (Cont) Coeus Engineering

  36. Jessica Badger Summary Conclusions Coeus Engineering

  37. Summary • Heat Transfer and Structural Rigidity • Replace aluminum puffed foam with perforated honeycomb (2024 - T81P) • Cell size = 0.25” • Provides 3-D airflow through bed • Adds strength and rigidity due to high strength-to-weight ratios • Allows the beads to be more densely packed into the structure • Heat removed via radiation • Rate at which heat is removed is comparable for both perforated honeycomb and puffed foam Coeus Engineering

  38. Summary (cont) • Surface Area & Pressure Drop • Studied carbon nanotubes and aerogels for ways to replace ion resin beads • Considered filling each perforated honeycomb cell with solid-amine coated aerogel • Air would not be able to flow through • Needed a new design strategy • Decided to use thin slice of aerogel to replace outlet retaining screens • Pressure drop for single slice of aerogel was comparable to entire RCRS bed • Needed more recent aerogel permeability data Coeus Engineering

  39. Conclusions • Replace aluminum puffed foam with perforated honeycomb • Further investigate aerogel properties and possible use • Research previous option of carbon nanotubes for solid-amine housing Coeus Engineering

  40. Special Thanks!! • Dr. John Graf • Dr. Ronald O. Stearman • Dr. Noel Clemens • Dr. Arlon Hunt & Dr. Ulrich Schubert • Marcus Kruger Coeus Engineering

  41. Questions? • Preguntas? • Questionne? • Bопрос? • Kwestie? • Ninau? • Swali? • Spørsmål? • Förhöra? Please visit our website at www.ae.utexas.edu/~juliat Coeus Engineering

More Related