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Ocean Structure and Circulation

Ocean Structure and Circulation. Ocean Model. Temperature. Colder. Warmer. Surface. Depth. Deeper. Ocean Model. Ocean Model. “Warm” shallow surface layer. Transition Zone. Cold deep layer. How do the layers form?. Surface Layer. Transition Zone. Homogeneous Ocean. Deep Water.

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Ocean Structure and Circulation

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  1. Ocean Structure and Circulation

  2. Ocean Model Temperature Colder Warmer Surface Depth Deeper

  3. Ocean Model

  4. Ocean Model “Warm” shallow surface layer Transition Zone Cold deep layer How do the layers form?

  5. Surface Layer Transition Zone Homogeneous Ocean Deep Water

  6. Taking the Temperature C T D Conductivity Temperature Depth www.soest.hawaii.edu

  7. Ocean Temperature Surface Layer Thermocline = Temperature Change Transition Zone • Deep Water • 90% of the total volume of ocean is this cold, deep water. • At depths greater than 1000m, temperature is approximately 4ºC (even in the tropics!!). windows.ucar.edu Why do layers form?

  8. Because of Density Mass per unit volume Slashfood.com Denser 1020-1028 kg/m3 Denser 19,300 kg/m3 Lighter 1000 kg/m3 Lighter 100 kg/m3 hawaiianphotos.net

  9. Ocean Density Surface Layer Pycnocline = Density Change Transition Zone Pycnocline • Deep Water • Seawater density is controlled by Temperature and Salinity • In the ocean, Temperature has a greater effect on density windows.ucar.edu

  10. Surface Layer Transition Zone Thermocline & Pycnocline Boundary Deep Water

  11. Warmed and lit by sun Mixed Photosynthesis Surface Layer Less Nutrients Boundary Cold, Dark, No Photosynthesis , More Nutrients Deep Water

  12. Summary Surface Ocean Deep Ocean Cold Dark No photosynthesis More Nutrients • Warm • Lit by the sun • Has photosynthesis • Less nutrients

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