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MALAYSIA: EARTHQUAKES

Explore the risks, effects, and resilience measures concerning earthquakes and volcanic activity in Malaysia. Discover the impact on infrastructure, social well-being, and the importance of disaster resilience.

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MALAYSIA: EARTHQUAKES

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  1. MALAYSIA: EARTHQUAKES Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA 

  2. MALAYSIA: KUALA LUMPUR IS THE FEDERAL CAPITAL

  3. MALAYSIA • Population: 23,522,482 • Area: 329,750 km2 • Coastline: 4675 km • GDP: $207.8 billion • GDP Per Capita: $9,000

  4. MALAYSIA IS AT RISK FROM EARTHQUAKES & VOLCANOES • EARTHQUAKES and VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS (usually from sources outside the country; i.e., Indonesia, not inside)

  5. WESTERN MALAYSIA, WHERE KUALA LAMPUR IS LOCATED, IS AT GREATER RISK FROM NATURAL HAZARDS THAN EASTERN MALAYSIA

  6. KUALA LUMPUR

  7. KUALA LUMPUR • The city covers an area of 243 km2 (94 sq mi) and had an estimated population of 1.6 million in 2010. • Greater Kuala Lumpur, also known as the Klang Valley, was an urban agglomeration of 6.9 million in 2010 and one of the fastest growing metropolitan regions in Malaysia.

  8. MALAYSIA: PART OF THE COMPLEX EURASIAN AND INDO-AUSTRALIAN PLATE TECTONICS

  9. MALAYASIA IS ON THE SUNDA SUB-PLATE

  10. THE SUNDA TECTONIC PLATE • The Sunda Plate is a minor tectonic plate on which the majority of Southeast Asia is located. • The Sunda Plate was formerly considered a part of the Eurasian plate, but GPS measurements have confirmed its independent movement at 10 mm/yr eastward relative to Eurasia.

  11. EARTHQUAKE OF JUNE 5, 2015 M6.0 (USGS) 16 km northwest of Ranau, Sebah DEPTH: 54 km (34 mi)

  12. Sabah Deputy Chief Minister Joseph Pairin Kitingan blamed the tragedy on a group of 10 foreigners who "showed disrespect to the sacred mountain" by posing naked at the peak last week. He said a special ritual would be conducted later to "appease the mountain spirit."

  13. PHYSICAL EFFECTS • The M6.0 earthquake struck early Friday near Malaysia’s Mount Kinabalu a popular tourist destination. • The ground shaking triggered landslides, sending huge granite boulders tumbling down the 4,095-meter-high peak.

  14. MOUNT KINABALU

  15. CAUSES OF DAMAGE INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING SOIL AMPLIFICATION PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND FAILURE) IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN EARTHQUAKES FIRE FOLLOWING RUPTURE OF UTILITIES GLOBAL “DISASTER LABORATORIES” LACK OF DETAILING AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS INATTENTION TO NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS

  16. CAUSES OF DAMAGE SITING AND BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO LATERAL SPREADS LANDSLIDES SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS GLOBAL DISASTER LABORATORIES PRECIPITATION THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE SHAKING GROUND SHAKING THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE

  17. CAUSES OF RISK LATERAL BLAST PYROCLASTIC FLOWS FLYING DEBRIS VOLCANIC ASH VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS LAVA FLOWS DISASTER LABORATORIES LAHARS TOXIC GASES

  18. PRELIMINARY SOCIAL EFFECTS • By Saturday, the death toll had reached 13. • Some climbers were stranded; others made it down safely. • People were advised to expect aftershocks

  19. PRELIMINARY SOCIAL EFFECTS • The ground shaking damaged buildings, schools, a hospital, and roads in Ranau.

  20. SEARCH AND RESCUE OPERATIONS • About 60 rescuers and four helicopters were combing the mountain, where loose rocks and boulders that fell during the quake blocked part of the main route.

  21. SEARCH AND RESCUE

  22. MALAYSIA IS AT RISK FROM OTHER NATURAL HAZARDS • CYCLONES • FLOODS (especially during cyclone season) • LANDSLIDES(TRIGGERED BY TOO MUCH RAIN OR EARTHQUAKE GROUND SHAKING )

  23. Floods and landslides from cyclones are the primary hazards affecting Malaysia. Effects from earthquakes and volcanic eruptions are usually from distant sources.Droughts also occur.

  24. KUALA LUMPUR AND PUTRAJAVA • Kuala Lumpur is the cultural, financial, and economic center of Malaysia, and also the seat of Malaysia’s Parliament and the official residence of the King. • Putrajava is the location of the executive and judicial branches of the federal government, which were relocated from Kuala Lumpur in 1999.

  25. TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCEIN MALAYSIAA Paradigm Shift From Disaster Proneness Will Improve the Quality of Life in Malaysia

  26. CONTINUATION OF THE STATUS QUO WHEN MALAYSIA IS AT RISK AND DISASTER PRONE - - - Will result in new and more complex HEALTH PROBLEMS WILL result in unnecessary DEATHS AND INJURIES WILL result in longer and more costly RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION

  27. A PARADIGM SHIFT TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE IN MALAYSIA - - - Will result in fewer and less complex HEALTH PROBLEMS WILL result in fewer DEATHS AND INJURIES WILL result in shorter and less costly RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION

  28. A PARADIGM SHIFT FROM DISASTER PRONENESS TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE ISA THREE STEP PROCESS

  29. TOWARDS DISASTER RESILIENCE IN MALAYSIA • Step 1: Integrate Past Experiences Into Books of Knowledge • Step 2: From Books of Knowledge to Innovative Educational Surges to Build Professional and Technical Capacity • Step 3: From Professional and Technical Capacity to National Disaster Resilience

  30. Step 1: Integrate Past Experiences Into Books of Knowledge NOTE: A book of Knowledge is everything we know or think we know about Malaysia’s risk-causing hazards

  31. BOOK OF KNOWLEDGE- Perspectives On Science, Policy, And Change

  32. BOOKS OF KNOWLEDGE Are “TOOLS” to facilitate a commitment by Malaysia to minimize the likely impacts of the inevitable future cyclones, floods, landslides earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and droughts, thereby anticipating and preventing disasters

  33. WHAT DO WE KNOW? • Disaster resilience has become an urgent global goal in the 21st century as many Nations are experiencing disasters after a natural hazard strikes, and learning that their communities, institutions, and people do NOT yet have the capacity to be disaster resilient.

  34. Step 2: From Books of Knowledge to Innovative Educational Surges to Build Professional and Technical Capacity in Malaysia to Minimize Likely Impacts in the Next Disaster

  35. NOTE: Step 2 is a task for a Nation’s “Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine,” its educational institutions at all levels, and its electronic and print media that provide public information

  36. WHAT DO WE KNOW? • Disaster resilience does not just happen; it is the result of decision-making for a national paradigm shift from the status quo to an improved “coping capacity” that enables the country to recover quickly after a disaster.

  37. GOAL: MINIMIZE THE “DOMINO EFECTS” OF THE NEXT DISASTER

  38. Step 3: From Professional and Technical Capacity to Science-based Decision-making for a Paradigm Shift from the status quo to Disaster Resilience in India

  39. NOTE: Step 3 is a task for Malaysia’s “decision-makers,” (i.e., its political leaders, stakeholders, and leading professionals) who have a basis for deciding on the nature and scope of a national paradigm shift

  40. LIVING WITH NATURAL HAZARDS A DISASTER: INSUFFICIENT CAPABILITIES OF COMMUNITY INCREASED DEMANDS ON COMMUNITY

  41. LIVING WITH NATURAL HAZARDS MINIMIZE IMPACTS OF FUTURE OCCURRENCES: DEMANDS ON COMMUNITY CAPABILITIES OF COMMUNITY

  42. NATURAL HAZARDS MAPS • INVENTORY • VULNERABILITY • LOCATION • PREPAREDNESS • PROTECTION/PREVENTION • EARLY WARNING • EMERGENCY RESPONSE • RECOVERY/RECONSTRUCT. RISK ASSESSMENT POLICY OPTIONS ACCEPTABLE RISK RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK A PARADIGM SHIFT IN MALAYSIA MALAYSIA’S COMUNITIES DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

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