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Understanding Basic Fungal Structures and Reproduction

Explore the world of fungi through their hyphae, mycelium, fruiting bodies, and reproduction methods. Dive into the processes of asexual and sexual reproduction, understand the roles of spores and hyphae, and learn about different types of fungi like club and sac fungi, as well as lichens.

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Understanding Basic Fungal Structures and Reproduction

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  1. Kingdom Fungi

  2. Fungi Structure & Basics • Hyphae: thin strands of cells that make up the fungus body • Hyphae spread into a larger mass (mycelium) • Fruiting body: Above-ground reproductive structure • Cell wall of chiton (common to animals) • Heterotrophs: hyphae release enzymes to absorb nutrients • Classification determined by sexual reproduction methods

  3. Asexual Sporangia produce spores Spores can grow into new hyphae when released Sexual Hyphae from 2 organisms fuse and form a diploid zygospore Zygospore grows new hyphae when released Zygote Fungi

  4. Haploid spores land Hyphae grow from each spore…a mat of mycelium accumulates . . Let’s zoom in…. ground

  5. Hyphae of Fungus 1 Hyphae of Fungus 2 Hyphae of fungi grow together Diploid zygospore is created New diploid hyphae grow from the zygospore

  6. Hyphae grow into a mat of mycelium….Sporangia grow from the mycelium Sporangia release spore . . . mycelium

  7. Spores land Hyphae grow into a mat of mycelium to restart the cycle . . ground

  8. Club Fungi • Basidia: club-like structure that produces sexual spores (located in gills underneath) • Hyphae of two individuals grow into mycelium • Fruiting body created • 2 nuclei fuse to create a zygote • Zygote undergoes meiosis to make spores

  9. Club Fungi

  10. Spores will land Fungus #1 mycelium grows underground….Fungus #2 mycelium grows underground Two fungi grow together and fuse . Diploid fruiting body grows from the mass . Haploid spores created & released from the underside of the fruiting body . . . . . ground

  11. Spores will land New hyphae will grow into a new mycelium Cycle repeats . . ground

  12. Sac Fungi • Ascus: sac that contain spores during sexual reproduction • Two hyphae grow together to create fruiting body • Spores released • Ex: Yeast, morels, truffles

  13. Spores will land Fungus #1 mycelium grows underground….Fungus #2 mycelium grows underground Two fungi grow together and fuse . Diploid fruiting body grows from the mass . Haploid spores created & released from the ascus ground

  14. Spores will land New hyphae will grow into a new mycelium Cycle repeats . . ground

  15. Spores will land Fungus #1 mycelium grows underground….Fungus #2 mycelium grows underground Two fungi grow together and fuse . Diploid fruiting body grows from the mass . Haploid spores created & released from the ascus ground

  16. Spores will land Fungus #1 mycelium grows underground….Fungus #2 mycelium grows underground Two fungi grow together and fuse . Diploid fruiting body grows from the mass . Haploid spores created & released from the ascus ground

  17. Lichens • Fungus + blue-green bacteria or green algae • Mycelium of fungi surrounds the green organism • Grow on rocks, soil, trees • Mutualistic relationship • Algae/bacteria: provides food • Fungus: benefits unclear (warmth, substrate to grow in) • Food source & help create soil

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