Nuclear M a gnetic Resonance Structure Based Assignment
Nuclear M a gnetic Resonance Structure Based Assignment. Mehmet Çağrı Çalpur Gizem Çavuşlar Mehmet Serkan Apaydın Bülent Çatay. Agenda. Protein Structure Determination Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Problem Definition and Formulation Metaheuristics Tabu Search
Nuclear M a gnetic Resonance Structure Based Assignment
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Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Structure Based Assignment MehmetÇağrı Çalpur Gizem Çavuşlar Mehmet Serkan Apaydın Bülent Çatay
Agenda • Protein Structure Determination • Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy • Problem Definition and Formulation • Metaheuristics • Tabu Search • Ant Colony Optimization • Conclusion and Future Work
Protein • Made of amino acids • Functions • Catalyzing biochemical reactions (enzymes) • Structural and mechanical roles (bones, muscles) • Immune system responses (antibodies) • Material transportation (hemoglobin) • Protein structure determination Function definition • Drug design • Enzyme design
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance • Two main approaches for structure determination • XRC – 85% of solved structures • NMR - 15% of solved structures • Nuclear magnetic resonance is a phenomenon which occurs when the nuclei of certain atoms are immersed in a static magnetic field and exposed to a second oscillating magnetic field
Problem Definition • The assignment problem Peaks Amino Acids xpeak1,aa1=0 Distance relations xpeak2,aa3=1 NOE relations
Binary Integer Programming • Proposed by Apaydin et.al. (2009)
Solution Methods • Exact solution method • Heuristic Methods • Ant Colony Optimization • Tabu Search
Why Heuristics? • Solutions for large problems • Multiple solutions • Optimal may not be the most accurate • Common assignments in best k solutions
Tabu Search • Solution • Neighbor • Evaluation • Tabu Check • Move • Tabu Update *nuweb2.neu.edu
Quadratic Assignment Problem Formulation • BIP • QAP formulation
Tabu Search Algorithm • Solution
Tabu Search Algorithm • Solution • Neighbor generation • Swap P1 and P3
Tabu Search Algorithm • Solution • Neighbor generation • Swap P1 and P3
Tabu Search Algorithm • Solution • Neighbor generation • Swap P1 and P3
Tabu Search Algorithm • Solution • Neighbor generation • Swap P1 and P3
Tabu Search Algorithm • Solution • Neighbor generation • Swap P1 and P3 • Evaluation Objective function of QAP formulation
Tabu Search Algorithm Tabu Structure 1 Tabu Structure 2 P1 P2 P3 P4 A1 A2 A3 A4 P1 P2 P3 P4 P1 P2 P3 P4 Iteration number until the attribute stays tabu
Tabu Search Algorithm Tabu Structure 1 P1 P2 P3 P4 P1 P2 P3 P4 • Randomly picked from [smin, smax]
Tabu Search Algorithm • Diversification • Probabilistic • Long term memory
Ant Colony Optimization(ACO) • Swarm Intelligence • Behavioral, decentralized decision making • Robotics • Optimization • Proposed by Marco Dorigo in 1992.
The Algorithm • Main components • InitializeData • ConstructSolutions • Ant System DecisionRule • Backtrack • Pheromone Update • GlobalBest Update
The Algorithm Procedure NVR-EAS InitializeData While (not terminated) do ConstructSolutions Update Tour Best Assignment Update Pheromone Trails End-while End-Procedure
Assignment Selection • Probability of assigning peak i to aa j Peak i Peak i+1 Peak i+2 aa m aa n aa k
Backtracking • Selected assignment become unavailable • Selection is done from the updated possibility list Peak i Peak i+1 Peak i+2 aa m aa n aa k
Conclusion and Future Work • Exact solution methods • Metaheuristic implementation • Tabu search • Changing diversification mechanism • Implementing new operator • Ant colony • Extensive parameter testing • Adapting new scoring functions • Scoring matrix generated by machine learning performs better than NVR-BIP data