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Drugs That Weaken the Bacterial Cell Wall I: Penicillins

Chapter 80. Drugs That Weaken the Bacterial Cell Wall I: Penicillins. Drugs That Weaken the Bacterial Cell Wall: Penicillins. Penicillins Weaken the cell wall, causing bacteria to take up excessive water and rupture Bactericidal Bacterial resistance

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Drugs That Weaken the Bacterial Cell Wall I: Penicillins

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  1. Chapter 80 Drugs That Weakenthe Bacterial Cell Wall I:Penicillins

  2. Drugs That Weaken the Bacterial Cell Wall: Penicillins • Penicillins • Weaken the cell wall, causing bacteria to take up excessive water and rupture • Bactericidal • Bacterial resistance • Inability of penicillins to reach their target • Inactivation of penicillins by bacterial enzymes

  3. Classification of Penicillins Penicillins • Narrow spectrum • Pencillinase sensitive • Narrow spectrum • Pencillinase resistant • Broad spectrum • Extended spectrum

  4. Penicillin G (Benzylpenicillin) • Four forms • Sodium penicillin • Potassium penicillin • Procaine penicillin • Benzathine penicillin • Adverse effects • Allergy—penicillins are the most common cause of drug allergy

  5. Penicillin Allergy • Types • Immediate (2 to 30 minutes) • Accelerated (1 to 72 hours) • Late (days or weeks) • Anaphylaxis – Laryngeal edema – Bronchoconstriction – Severe hypotension

  6. Penicillin Allergy (cont.) • Treatment • Epinephrine • Respiratory support • Prevention—skin testing

  7. Penicillinase-Resistant Penicillins • Four agents • Nafcillin • Oxacillin • Cloxacillin • Dicloxacillin

  8. Broad Spectrum Penicillins (Aminopenicillins) • The aminopenicillins consist of three agents • Ampicillin • Amoxicillin • Bacampicillin • Adverse effects • Rash • Diarrhea

  9. Extended Spectrum Penicillins (Antipseudomonal Penicillins) • The extended spectrum penicillins consist of four agents • Ticarcillin • Carbenicillin indanyl • Mezlocillin • Piperacillin

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