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African Independence

This study explores the events leading to African independence movements after 1945, examining the legacy of colonialism, the impact of World War II on Africa, and the subsequent challenges faced by newly independent nations. Key topics include the Berlin Conference of 1880, the effects of imperialism, and the rise of dictatorships amid ethnic divisions. It also highlights important movements like Pan-Africanism and the formation of the African Union. Students will investigate case studies from several African nations, assessing their successes and challenges post-independence.

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African Independence

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  1. African Independence What led to African independence movements after 1945?

  2. Remember… • What was the Berlin Conference of 1880? • What were some positive and negative effects imperialism had on Africa?

  3. WWII Affects Africa • Africans fought in armies of colonial rulers • Worked in cities – wartime industries • New skills, labor unions, organizing • Transferred loyalty from traditional groups to ideas of modern nation-states

  4. African Independence • Use textbook (World History) pages to complete the map and questions.

  5. Major Problems for Newly Independent Nations • How do you think the legacy of colonialism negatively affected newly independent nations? (economically, politically, socially) • Undemocratic Rule – military dictatorships • Corruption rampant • Economic Problems • One-crop economies, little industry, poverty • Ethnic divisions • Artificial borders imposed by imperialist nations

  6. Ethnic Differences: Major Problem • Many African countries created dictatorships to keep control over violence

  7. Pan-Africanism • 1960 – call to join African nations to improve conditions for all Africans • BUT – nationalist feelings in various African nations have hindered unity • 2002 – African Union formed (53 nations) • Follow policy of NONALIGNMENT = do not form official alliances with outside nations • Why not?

  8. Case Studies of Independence • Label the following countries on the map of Africa: • Nigeria Ghana • Somalia Angola • South Africa Dem. Republic of Congo • Sierra Leone Sudan • Liberia Kenya • Rwanda • Groups – each person reads about ONE or TWO countries • Create a poster that SUMMARIZES the key successes and challenges that independence has created for these four African countries • Include some important PEOPLE about each country and what they did • 10 Points classwork grade!

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