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Welcome Statistical Methods and Data analysis PSY-301

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Welcome Statistical Methods and Data analysis PSY-301. Course Skills Objectives. Computer Analysis of Data Using SPSS (PASW) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Interpretation of Results What do results mean? What conclusions can be drawn? Communication

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Welcome Statistical Methods and Data analysis PSY-301

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  1. Welcome Statistical Methodsand Data analysisPSY-301

  2. Course Skills Objectives • Computer Analysis of Data • Using SPSS (PASW) • Statistical Package for the Social Sciences • Interpretation of Results • What do results mean? • What conclusions can be drawn? • Communication • Written, oral, and graphical • Effectively communicate results and influence others ~

  3. Statistics are Tools • Tools that: • are useful • don’t tell truth or lies • Are used by people • Statistics help us make decisions • About variable & fluctuating information • Guided by human wisdom & values ~

  4. Application of Statistics • Opinion/Political Polls • Influence public policy • Benefits vs. safety risks • new drugs / medical procedures • Epidemiology (autism & vaccines) • Environmental issues • Emissions control vs. economics • Courts • Sentencing equity ~

  5. Statistics & Psychology • The Science of Statistics • a set of methods & rules for organizing, summarizing, and interpreting information • The Science of Psychology • Behavior & cognitive processes • describe, explain, predict & control • Relationships between variables • Similarities & Differences ~

  6. An observation on human behavior: You see, really and truly, apart from the things anyone can pick up (the dressing and the proper way of speaking, and so on), the difference between a lady and a flower girl is not how she behaves, but how she’s treated. I shall always be a flower girl to Professor Higgins because he always treats me as a flower girl, and always will; but I know I can be a lady to you because you treat me like a lady, and always will. Eliza Doolittle in George Bernard Shaw’s Pygmalion

  7. Testing the Pygmalion Effect • Can the expectations of others influence one’s behavior? • Rosenthal & Jacobson (1968) • Predictor Variable • Teacher’s expectation of student • “bloomer” or “non-bloomer” • Outcome Variable • Change in student IQ score ~

  8. Rosenthal & Jacobson (1968) • “Oak School” 2d graders given new test • “Harvard Test of Inflected Acquisition”: HTIA • predicts learning spurts in top 20% • Informed only teacher of scores • End of school year test again • Test Of General Abilities: IQ test • HTIA actually was TOGA • pretest - posttest • Operational definition • Measure change in IQ scores ~

  9. Rosenthal & Jacobson (1968) • Conclusions not readily apparent • “real” differences or normal variation • Sampling error? • Descriptive Statistics: Average IQ change • Bloomers: 16.5 • Nonbloomers: 7.0 • Inferential statistics • Did bloomers improve significantly more • Experimenter Bias in research • Importance of control ~

  10. Why Statistics? • Tools to critically evaluate information • Help account for variations • differences & similarities • Psychology goals • describe, explain, predict, control • Statistics AID decision-making • Meaningful results from fluctuating data ~

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