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Penguins, Marine Reptiles

Learn about the fascinating characteristics, adaptations, and reproductive behaviors of penguins and marine reptiles such as sea turtles, sea snakes, and crocodiles. Discover how these animals have evolved to thrive in their unique environments.

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Penguins, Marine Reptiles

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  1. Penguins, Marine Reptiles

  2. Penguins • Flightless birds • Endothermic-stable internal temp. • tight feathers hold in heat • Fluffing feathers releases heat • Characteristics • Live in Antarctica • Group of Penguins is called a rookery • Very poor eyesight • Largest -Emperor – 3 ½ ft. • Smallest – Little Blue -16 in.

  3. Tobogganing vs. Porpoising • Tobogganing – when they slide on their belly on the ice. They push with their wings and feet. • Porpoising – a swimming technique where they come out of the water to get air

  4. Adaptations • Dense bones so they won’t crush under water and so they are able to dive • Layer of fat under skin • Dense feathers that trap air • Torpedo shaped body – streamlining • Wings are stiff like paddles • Countershading (dark top and light belly)

  5. Reproduction • lay eggs at the coldest time of year • Most build nests with rocks • egg hatches during productive Antarctic summer • male holds egg on his feet (Emperor) or Female sits on the nest • mother feeds them regurgitated (vomit) food for 5 ½ months.

  6. Marine Reptiles • Ectothermic (Exothermic) – “cold blooded”. For this reason most marine reptiles are confined to equatorial regions. • Sea Turtles – 9 species • The largest is the Leatherback. It can get 2 meters long and 1,200 lbs. They are an open water deep diving species. They eat jellyfish.

  7. Characteristics • Their top shell is called the carapace. • The bottom shell is called the plastron. • They cannot retract their head into the carapace. • Their forelimbs are modified into flippers. Pig nosed sea turtle Loggerhead Sea Turtle

  8. Sea Turtle Reproduction • They reproduce in the water. • Females are often confused by lights/beachside development. • A female sea turtle goes into a trance and lays 60-100 soft shelled eggs in a hole on the same beach where she was born. Then she covers the eggs with sand. • Eggs hatch in 2-3 months. Many are picked off by predators. Only 1 or 2 live to adulthood. • > 29.9 degrees Celsius = female • < 29.9 degrees Celsius = male

  9. Freedom!! Hatchlings attempting to get to the water! Crabs, gulls and other predators catch them!

  10. Sea Snakes • 55 species • Laterally flattened/tail is paddle shaped. • Most get 3-4 feet long. • Carnivores • Viviparous • Rarely aggressive though fatal bites

  11. Sea Crocodile • Found in Australia/Indian Ocean • Avg. 6 meters long • Known to attack and eat people • Rounder snout than alligators • Drink saltwater – excrete salt in gland near their eyes. (“alligator tears”)

  12. Nile Crocodile Story • A 440 pound (200 kg) Nile Crocodile bit veterinarian Chang Po-yu's arm off as he was reaching through iron bars to remove tranquilizer darts.  Luckily for Mr. Po-yu, doctors were able to successfully reattach the arm after seven hours of surgery. • Chang failed to notice that the crocodile was not fully anaesthetized when he stuck his arm through an iron rail to medicate it.

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