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Alternative Energy Tools: Harnessing Solar Power for Everyday Use

Alternative Energy Tools: Harnessing Solar Power for Everyday Use. Andrew Just Adam Greenfield December 3, 2003. Reasons for Choosing this Project. Related coursework Clean, reusable energy Opportunity to learn Educate future engineers. Objectives. Track maximum power point

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Alternative Energy Tools: Harnessing Solar Power for Everyday Use

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  1. Alternative Energy Tools:Harnessing Solar Power for Everyday Use Andrew Just Adam Greenfield December 3, 2003

  2. Reasons for Choosing this Project • Related coursework • Clean, reusable energy • Opportunity to learn • Educate future engineers

  3. Objectives • Track maximum power point • Utilize alternative energy (i.e. solar, wind) to run household devices • Charge Battery • Present functional design in elementary schools

  4. Maximum Power Point Point where product of current and voltage is at a maximum Brightness   Temperature

  5. Charge Battery • Convert source voltage to 14.7 V • Prevent overcharging Operate Electronic Devices • Step battery voltage down to power devices (i.e. lamp, portable CD player, etc.)

  6. Converter Design • Two Low Pass Filters • Two switches • Steps down panel voltage to battery voltage

  7. Converter Design • Determine duty cycle, D1 • Choose an operating frequency • Find critical inductance • Calculate capacitance • Modify values for practical use • D1 = Vo/Vi • 20 kHz • Lcrit = ROT(1-D1)/2 • C = TD1/Lcrit

  8. Pulse Width Modulator • MC34060A • Internal Oscillator • Internal Reference Voltage, 5V • Output enabled if V5 > V4, V3 • Creates duty cycle • Controls PMOS

  9. Battery Charger Design • Prevent overcharging of the battery through hysteresis

  10. Battery Charger Design • Case 1: Not-Charging the Battery (VA- > VA+) VA+ = V1L = 2.3V [R5 / (R4 + R5)] * 2.5V = 2.3V R5 = 55kW, R4 = 5.1kW

  11. Battery Charger Design • Case 2: Charging the Battery (VA- < VA+) VA+ = V1H = 2.7V [(V1H - 2.5V) / R4] + [(V1H - 12.7V) / (R5 + R6)] = 0V [(2.7V - 2.5V) / 5.1kW] + [(2.7V - 12.7V) / (55kW + R6)] = 0V R6 = 200kW

  12. Building the Circuit Actions Done Parts Utilized • MC34060A – PWM • LM393 – Comparator • LM336BZ-2.5 – Zener • MTP8P10 – PMOS • LCR components • Panel, battery, loads • Order parts from vendors, shop • Toroids, toroids, toroids, toroids

  13. Functionality Testing • Performed voltage testing on PWM, PMOS, and comparator components • Tested current at all inputs/outputs

  14. Panel and Ripple Tests Observations • Current independent of panels distance from light • Ripple at Converter 3 = 0.19V (1.6%) • Ripple at Converter 2 = 0.12V (2.0%)

  15. Accomplishments • Functional Outputs • Proper Conversion • Battery Charging • Overcharging Prevention • Operation while Charging

  16. Shortcomings and Recommendations • Current vs. Voltage Control • Efficiency • Maximum Power Point Tracking • Only Solar Power Implementation • Limited Prior Course Experience Voltage Control Current Control • Add feedback • Reduce # of resistors • Add windmill

  17. Very Special Thanks to… Professor Krein Jonathan Kimball Mark Wiegert Resources Elements of Power Electronics, Krein. Modern DC-to-DC Switchmode Power Converter Circuits, Severns and Bloom.

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