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Understanding Reflexes: How Our Bodies Respond Instantly to Stimuli

Reflexes are rapid, involuntary responses to stimuli that protect our bodies from danger and help us adapt to our environment. There are two types of reflexes: autonomic, affecting smooth muscles and glands (like digestion and sweating), and somatic, involving skeletal muscles (such as the knee jerk reaction). Reflex arcs facilitate these responses through sensory and motor impulses in the spinal cord, bypassing the brain for immediate action. Examples include coughing to expel irritants and blinking to protect the eyes. Understanding reflexes can help evaluate nervous system conditions.

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Understanding Reflexes: How Our Bodies Respond Instantly to Stimuli

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  1. NO WARM UP • 5 minutes of review before your quiz

  2. NOTES Ch 10 3/22 Reflex

  3. REFLEX A rapid and involuntary response to a stimulus WHY DO WE HAVE REFLEXES? Reflexes serve as primitive responses that protect our bodies from danger and help us adjust to our surroundings.

  4. TWO TYPES: • AUTONOMIC – stimulates smooth muscle, cardiac, and glands EX: digestion, papillary action, salivation, sweating, etc.

  5. SOMATIC – stimulates skeletal muscles EX: knee jerk, blinking, moving hand from heat, etc.

  6. REFLEX ARC Pathway that the reflex takes

  7. REFLEX CENTER (in the spinal cord) Changes sensory impulse to motor impulse without involving the brain (afferent to efferent)

  8. HOW MOST REFLEXES WORK • Stimulus detected by receptors • Impulse through afferent nerves to cord • Interneurons in cord changes afferent to efferent impulse • Impulse through efferent nerves to muscle or gland • Involuntary body response

  9. ** message gets sent to brain to let it know what is happening, but that happens after the reaction. Exception – reflexes in the head

  10. MORE REFLEX EX Reflexes serve as primitive responses that protect our bodies from danger and help us adjust to our surroundings. We cough, for example, when an irritant enters our windpipe and we need to expel it through our mouth. We sneeze when we need to clear our nasal air passages of irritants and allergens. We blink when danger threatens the sensitive tissues of the eye and when we need to moisten and clean the cornea. (This reflex occurs 900 times an hour!) We yawn when nerves in the brain stem find there's too much carbon dioxide in the blood. A yawn makes the muscles in our mouth and throat contract and forces our mouth wide open, allowing us to expel carbon dioxide and take in a large amount of oxygen-rich air.

  11. http://www.brainviews.com/abFiles/AniPatellar.htm

  12. Reflexes are tested to evaluate the condition of the nervous system Can help pinpoint damaged areas of nerves

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