Objectives: To recognize different plant structures

1. Plant Structures and Functions Objectives: To recognize different plant structures To understand different functions of plant structures To learn the terminology used to identify plant structures

2. Introduction There is tremendous diversity in the plant kingdom Yet, flowering plants have certain structures and functions in common lilly pad vs. cactus

3. What is your favorite plant?

4. How would you describe that plant?

5. What terms would you use?

6. Basic parts of flowering plants are stems, leaves, flowers and roots Leaves Flowers Vegetative Stems Fruits Roots Reproductive Seeds

7. Photosynthesis Leaves - Functions Light is intercepted and plant sugars are manufactured Large flattened surface for maximum absorption of light energy

8. Vein Midrib Petiole Stem Stipule

9. Venation pinnate palmate parallel

10. Leaf Types: Simple

11. Leaf Types: Compound Leaves palmate bipinnate pinnate

12. Leaf Types Needles Broad Leaf Scale-like

13. Leaf Attachment opposite whorled alternate

14. linear Common Leaf Shapes ovate lanceolate

15. cordate Common Leaf Shapes obovate

16. serrate dentate entire lobed crenate sinuate Selected Leaf Margins

17. Functions Stems • Support leaves and buds, branches and reproductive structures • Conduits for transporting water, minerals and manufactured food • Some are modified for storage

18. Two Basic Stem Types Differ in arrangement of vascular tissue xylem and phloem Stems

19. Dicot phloem cambium xylem

20. Monocot phloem xylem cambium

21. node Stem Parts internode

22. Modified Stems Stolon Horizontal stem growing on soil surface (strawberry plant)

23. Rhizome Grows horizontally at or just below soil surface (iris) Modified Stems

24. Modified Stems Tuber Enlarged portion of underground stem (potato plant)

25. Roots Functions • Anchor plant • Nutrient and water absorption • Food storage • Two basic root systems: • fibrous root • tap root fibrous root tap root

26. Root Growth

27. Flowers Functions Reproduction Attract pollinators

28. stigma style pistil anther filament ovary petal sepal Stamen Parts of the Flower

29. Perfect and Complete Flowers • Complete – flower has stamens, pistil, petals and sepals • Incomplete – one of these four parts is missing • Perfect – flower has functional stamens and pistil • Imperfect – stamens or pistil is absent

30. Common Inflorescence Types

31. head spike umbel raceme corymb solitary

32. Fruit • Mature ovary • Seeds are ovules • Ovary wall may be fleshy • Example fruit types • pome • pod

33. Seed • Matured ovule • Parts • seed coat – protective coating • embryo – miniature plant • endosperm – food storage organ seed coat embryo area endosperm

34. Germination of Dicot Two cotyledons (seed leaves)

35. Germination of Monocot One cotyledon (seed leaf)

36. Assessment Name the following: 3. Name this leaf margin. 1. Name this venation. 4. Name this inflorescence. 2. Name this leaf attachment.

37. Acknowledgements: Acquaah, George. Horticulture: Principles and Practices. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1999. Harris, James G. and Melinda Woolf. Plant Identification Terminology: An Illustrated Glossary. Utah: Spring Lake Publishing, 1994. Northington, David K., Goodin, J.R. The Botanical World. Missouri: C.V. Mosby Company, 1984. Dirr, Michael A. Manual of Woody Landscape Plants: Their Identification, Ornamental Characteristics, Culture, Propagation and Uses. Illinois: Stipes Publishing Company, 1975. Still, Steven M. Manual of Herbaceous Ornamental Plants. Illinois: Stipes Publishing Company, 1994.

38. Credits:Sandra BalchProduction CoordinatorJennifer DonaldsonGraphics EditorGeoff ScottProduction ManagerG.W. DavisExecutive Producer , MMIV CEV Multimedia, Ltd.