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Lecture 23 -- The Indian Subcontinent and 911

Lecture 23 -- The Indian Subcontinent and 911. 14 th April 2003 (Monday). Mr. Anurag Goel ….

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Lecture 23 -- The Indian Subcontinent and 911

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  1. Lecture 23 -- The Indian Subcontinent and 911 14th April 2003 (Monday)

  2. Mr. Anurag Goel … • Originally Mr. Anurag Goel, the Politics Consul of the Indian Consulate of Hong Kong, has kindly agreed to be our guest speaker today to talk about the Anti-Terrorism of India, and the Indian Subcontinent after 911. • Although the lecture is forced to cancel, he does want to greet everyone of the class,and would like to share his views with our students in the future.

  3. This Lecture … • Owing to the mess up of every plan of mine, this lecture would like to provide some simple basic information about the relationship between the Indian Subcontinent and the Post-911 World Order.

  4. Impacts of 911 – the Regional Order • If you still remember, after talking about the response towards 911 of USA, China and Russia (the “Great Powers”), we are currently in the topic of the Impacts of 911 – the Regional Order. • This week we shall go into the regional order of the Subcontinent, as well as Southeast Asia and Australasia. Please check out the following keypoints as the background of India, Pakistan and 911. • Our exchange students from Pakistan would be in thebest position to give us more backgrounds about that – it’s a real pity that we cannot learn from them in an interactive manner. Anyway…

  5. Impacts of 911 – the Regional Order • 1. India was formally a part of the British Empire. Technically, Indiawas itself an “Empire” with Queen Victoria and her descendants as the “Empress/ Emperor.” • That’s why when Queen Mother died this year, the most valuable asset of her was the “Crown of the Empress of India.”

  6. Impacts of 911 – the Regional Order • 2. The Empire of India was partitioned into 2 – the independent India and the independent Pakistan in 1947, when the British were forced to retreat. • The partition was made mainly along religious lines, as India was dominated by Hinduism, Pakistan was dominated by Islam. The partition is generally regarded as a result of Britain’s “divide-and-rule” policy.

  7. Impacts of 911 – the Regional Order • 3.The most serious problem created in the partition is the Kashmir Issue. • Kashmir is a tribal state between the Indian and Pakistani border. • To make it politically neutral, both countries claimed its sovereignty, and border wars in Kashmir never really stopped since the independence of the 2 countries, which further triggered the religious and political rivalsbetween them.

  8. Impacts of 911 – the Regional Order • 4.There were many major wars broke out between India and Pakistan, with the War of East Pakistan in early 1970s the most fierce one. • In the war, East Pakistan was supported by India to cede from Pakistan, whichbecame the independent country of Bangladesh

  9. Impacts of 911 – the Regional Order • 5.The Indian-Pakistani conflict became an attention of the world when both countries successfully created their own nuclear arsenals. Thus, the subcontinent is regarded as the most likely place to have the nuclear war. • However, nuclear weapons of both countries are suspected to be assisted by other countries: India from USSR, and Pakistan from China. • This tricky relationship was established since the Sino-Soviet Split in 1956, then both USSR and China built an ally in the subcontinent to buffer against oneanother.

  10. Impacts of 911 – the Regional Order • 6.So what is the relationship with 911? • The most important point is that Pakistan was originally on the “terrorist” list of USA (Pakistan is ruled by military dictatorship; India is the most populated democratic country in the world). • However, after 911, because of the need of Bush to attack Afghanistan, Pakistan suddenly became an American one-night-stand ally (as mentioned in previous lectures).

  11. Impacts of 911 – the Regional Order • 7.Then it led to an interesting paradox: what if Pakistan (the “terrorist” friend of America) continues its “terrorist” activities against India (the traditional friend of America)? • At the end of 2001, the Parliament of India was raided by a group of Kashmir guerillas, which was regarded by India as its own “911.” Pakistan was charged by India for the responsibility. • Since then, the two countries kept degrading their diplomatic relations in the following months, and once it looked rather likely to have a nuclear war along the Kashmir borderline in 2002. • If you can remember, that was the international headline of the time.

  12. Impacts of 911 – the Regional Order • 8. At the end, the crisis waned with no reasons. • It is believed that George W Bush had a role in mediating between his new and old allies. • Yet the crisis is far from being solved, and the future challenged is generallyunfavorable to Pakistan: • with Pakistan’s record as an “ex-terrorist” country, it might be a future target of America when it is no longer needed, following the case of Syria – which is a terrorist country defined by Bush these days, but was an American ally in the First Gulf War in 1990 (at the time it was also temporarily removed from the terrorist list). And at the time, the nuclear arsenal of Pakistan would be the most importantuncertainties of the Subcontinent Conflict.

  13. Readings… • You may like to consult C Raja Mohan’s article, “Catharsis and Catalysis:Transforming the South Asian Subcontinent” in Worlds in Collision, aboutthe topic.

  14. ~~The End~~ Thank you for attending

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