Body Organization: directional terms, regions , sections, planes, and cavities

1. Body Organization: directional terms, regions, sections, planes, and cavities August 13-14 2014

2. Anatomical Position The picture shows a body in anatomical position. The person is upright, with arms down and palms to the front.

3. Anatomical Position All directional terms reference position with regards to anatomical position … even if the body in question is in a different position. Example: The head is superior (above) to the feet, whether you are standing up, laying down, or doing a handstand.

4. Directional Terms Terms and use explained on page 12 of textbook! Important terms not shown on the diagram: • Deep – more internal • Superficial – toward / at body surface Terms are used to describe relative position. Example: the ribs are anterior to the spine

5. Directional Term Practice 1 Using your guided notes, answer the following • The knee is _____________________ to the hip bones. • The ears are _________________________ to the nose. • The elbow is on the _________________side of the arm. • Your naval is _______________________ to your arms. • Your thumbs are always _____________ to your fingers. • Your heart is _________________________ to your ribs. • Your shoulders are ________________ to your elbows._ inferior / distal lateral Anterior / ventral medial lateral deep superior / proximal

6. Directional Term Practice 2 • Name a structure that is … • … medial to your eye • … lateral to your heart • …. distal to your wrist • … proximal to your elbow • … on the posterior side of the hand • …on the anterior side of the body • … superficial to the ribs

7. Regional Terms The body can be divided into two main regions: • Axial part – the main axis of our body • Head, neck, trunk • Appendicular part – the appendages • arms, legs

8. Regional Terms The body can be divided into two main regions: • Axial part – the main axis of our body • Head, neck, trunk • Appendicular part – the appendages • arms, legs Your femur is on what part of the body? Your sternum is on what part of the body?

9. Regional Terms The body can be divided into two main regions: • Axial part – the main axis of our body • Head, neck, trunk • Appendicular part – the appendages • arms, legs Your femur is on what part of the body? appendicular Your sternum is on what part of the body? axial

10. Body Planes and Sections The body may be sectioned (cut) along a flat surface called a plane. The three most common planes are: • Sagittal (Median) plane (cuts body into left & right) • Frontal (coronal) plane (cuts body into front & back) • Transverse plane (cross section) (cuts body into superior & inferior parts)

11. Body Planes and Sections The body may be sectioned (cut) along a flat surface called a plane. Misconception alert! Planes do not have to be in the middle of the body to go by these names.

12. Body Planes and Sections Which plane could be used to separate the hemispheres of the brain? sagittal Which plane could be used to separate the top and bottom of the kidney? transverse Which plane could be used to separate t The anterior and posterior parts of the body? frontal

13. Body Cavities

14. Body Cavities In which cavity are the following organs are found: Name both the major and minor divisions. • Spinal cord • Lungs • Brain • Liver • Bladder • Small intestine Dorsal, vertebral Ventral, thoracic Dorsal, cranial Ventral, abdominal Ventral, pelvic Ventral, abdominal

15. Practice! Study the direction, regional, sectional, and cavity terms with a partner for 5 minutes. Then, we will play a game.

16. Game (Round 1) Get a partner and 8 small pieces of tape, and label 1-8. Place the tape on your partner’s body to match the words. First one wins!

17. Game (Round 1) • Lateral to the heart • Proximal to the knee • Inferior to the neck • On the anterior side of the body • Distal to the elbow • Posterior side of the hand • On the axial body • On the appendicular body

18. Game (Round 2) – switch

19. Game (Round 2) – switch • Inferior to the heart • Distal to the knee • On the posterior side of the neck • On the appendicular body • On the axial body • Medial to the lungs • Superior to the waist • On the anterior side of the arm

20. Game (Round 3) – Row Teams Write on paper.. 1. 2. 3.

21. Game (Round 3) – Row Teams Write on paper. Identify the sectional cuts. 1. 2. 3.

22. Game (Round 3) – Row Teams Write on paper. Identify the sectional cuts. 1. 2. 3. Gamble your points:

23. Game (Round 4) – Row Teams Write on paper.

24. Game (Round 4) – Row Teams Write on paper. Identify the body cavities. Use minor classification (not ventral / dorsal). • Where the spinal cord is • Where the lungs are • Where the stomach is • Where the ovaries are • Where the kidneys are • Where the brain is

25. Game (Round 4) – Row Teams Write on paper. Identify the body cavities. Use minor classification (not ventral / dorsal). • Where the spinal cord is • Where the lungs are • Where the stomach is • Where the ovaries are • Where the kidneys are • Where the brain is Gamble your points:

26. Homework Quiz next class • What were our objectives and how did we meet them? • How did we address our unit statement? • What was our learner profile trait and how did we demonstrate it? Closure