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The Theory of Evolution:

The Theory of Evolution:. A Theory based upon the similarities and differences of life-forms alive and extinct. When Did Evolution begin? The answer is in these questions…. How has the Earth changed from the past to the present? What has caused the changes?

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The Theory of Evolution:

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  1. The Theory of Evolution: A Theory based upon the similarities and differences of life-forms alive and extinct

  2. When Did Evolution begin? The answer is in these questions… • How has the Earth changed from the past to the present? • What has caused the changes? • Will the changes in the Earth ever cease to happen?

  3. Proof the Earth has Changed: • Land formations have changed • Earth’s Climate has changed • Life was once only found in marine environment • Dinosaurs were in the past dominant form of life on land; Today mammals are

  4. Causes of Earth Changes • Land Changes caused by Plate Tectonic Forces • Climate Changes caused by Drifting Continents, Volcanoes, Outer Space Events • Life from sea to land caused by Dropping Sea levels and Ozone layer allow for live to go on land • Mass Extincions caused by Space Impact/ ASTEROIDS & COMETS

  5. What is Evolution? A change in an organism throughout time. Success = existence Failure = extinction

  6. Things organisms must do to survive • Must be successful each day • Acquire Energy/Feed as needed • Exchange gases/ Respire as needed • Reproduce / Breed to pass on DNA • Structure / Body Plan no injury or flaw • Mobility / Ability to move

  7. What causes Evolution? • Evolution is caused by the idea of Natural Section • Natural Selection is survival of the fittest • Only strongest organisms will be left to reproduce; others will die before being able to reproduce • This process causes the organism to EVOLVE over time

  8. 4 Major Forces of Natural Selection (4 Factors of Evolution) • Environmental Factors • Disease Resistance • Competition for Food • Predator Influence

  9. Evolutionary Success: Lionfish

  10. What creates Evolution? Variations within a species: some variations good: aid survival some bad: early death

  11. What is a Variation? • A change in the appearance or behavior of one organism to another of the same species • If positive, allows for greater survivability for the organism: THIS IS CALLED AN ADAPTATION

  12. IS this a Variation or Adaptation?

  13. EXAMPLES of ADAPTATIONS • Webbed Feet on duck • Coloration to environment • Waxy coating on leaves • poison • INABILITY TO ADAPT TO CHANGE LEADS TO EXTINCTION

  14. 3 Types or Patterns of Evolution: 1. Divergent Evolution share common ancestor but look totally different today Hoofed animals and whales/dolphins

  15. Types of Evolution 2. Convergent Evolution Share totally different ancestor but look similar today dolphin and shark

  16. Types of Evolution 3. Parallel Evolution- related animals evolve in same way for long period of time deer and antelope

  17. Evolutionary Question????? • Is it possible for an organism / life form to successfully do all the aforementioned items and still be threatened with the possibility of extinction??????

  18. Evolution Proposed byCharles Darwin: • Studied and collected thousands of life-forms during 5 year journey • most famous for his observations on the Galapagos Islands • studied and observed 14 different kinds of finches on the islands • found one dominant type on each island; each one was different

  19. Charles Darwin: Reflection of his Observations • Studied findings on finches and other life-forms for 20 years • from his studies wrote book entitled The Origin of the Species in 1859. • Was not well received; went against religious beliefs • revolutionized modern scientific thought

  20. Charles Darwin: The Finches • 14 different versions of finches existed on Galapagos Islands • Usually only 1-2 types of finch located on an island • major difference between finches was beak size; shape • beaks were deciding tool in success failure of birds to survive • beaks were primary tool for food

  21. Charles Darwin: Reflection of his Observations • Studied findings on finches and other life-forms for 20 years • from his studies wrote book entitled The Origin of the Species in 1859. • Was not well received; went against religious beliefs • revolutionized modern scientific thought

  22. Charles Darwin: 4 Main Points of Book • All organisms produce more offspring than can survive • Variations exist in all populations of species • Some variations are better than others; more beneficial for survival • Overtime offspring of more successful organisms will make up the population of species

  23. Charles Darwin: The Outcome • Book basically states that Natural Forces are primary reasons for a species evolving; not divine powers • Evolution, therefore continually is happening • Variations acted upon by Natural Selection Forces (En, Dis, CF & Pred) • Variations are caused by numerous factors most likely of which are mutations in an organisms DNA, that then are passed on (modern genetics)

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