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Understanding Active vs. Passive Transport in Cellular Membranes

This lesson focuses on the key differences between active and passive transport mechanisms in cells. Students will learn how cells maintain chemical homeostasis through two distinct methods: passive transport, which requires no energy and relies on the natural movement of molecules, and active transport, which requires energy (ATP) to move molecules against their concentration gradient. Specific processes such as diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion will be explored. Additionally, students will discuss practical examples and applications of these transport methods in cellular activities.

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Understanding Active vs. Passive Transport in Cellular Membranes

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Today’s Objectives Students will be able to compare and contrast passive and active transport.

  2. Movement Thru Membrane • Cells use 2 methods to keep a Chemical homeostasis or maintaining a constant internal environment. • Passive transport • Molecule movement occurs on its own without any energy input • Active transport • Cell expends energy to move molecules • ATP – adenosine triphosphate

  3. (Simple) Diffusion • Diffusion • passive transport • Occur in a liquid; particles move high to low concentration • concentration gradient • High to low concentration • Leads to an even dispersal of particles

  4. Membrane permeability • Semi-permeable membrane • partially permeable • Molecules and ions must pass thru channel proteins

  5. Osmosis • Osmosis • passive transport • Diffusion of water • Driven by Osmotic pressure • Pressure exerted by dissolved particles in a solution

  6. OSMOTIC PRESSURE • Isotonic solution • Osmotic pressure is the same on both sides of the membrane • Hypertonic solution • Cell is in a medium with HIGHER concentration of dissolved particles moves water OUT of the cell • Hypotonic solution • Cell is in a medium with LOWER concentration of dissolved particles moves water INTO the cell

  7. Facilitated Diffusion • Facilitated diffusion • Passive transport • Carrier molecules move substances either into or out a cell increasing the rate of diffusion across the cell.

  8. Passive Transport

  9. Movement of Larger Particles • Endocytosis • Process that moves particles into the cell • Exocytosis • Process that moves particles out of the cell • Both are forms or active transport

  10. Movement of Larger Particles • Plasma membrane can engulf small particles • Pinocytosis -- “cell drinking” • Phagocytosis – “cell eating” • Both are forms of active transport

  11. Active Trasnport

  12. Questions to think about • Compare and contrast active versus passive transport. • Discuss diffusion and provide an example. • Your white blood cells attacking foreign bodies would be an example of what process of active or passive transport?

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