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Routing

Routing. Routing Basics Distance Vector Routing Link-State Routing Comparisons of Routing Protocols. Network Layer. Addressing, Routing, & Switching Best effort delivery of packets Routed Protocols Routing Protocols maintain routing tables path selection limit broadcasts.

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Routing

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Routing • Routing Basics • Distance Vector Routing • Link-State Routing • Comparisons of Routing Protocols

  2. Network Layer • Addressing, Routing, & Switching • Best effort delivery of packets • Routed Protocols • Routing Protocols • maintain routing tables • path selection • limit broadcasts

  3. Static Routes • Determined by admin • Reveals only information that you want to show about your network • Less overhead on network • Good for stub networks that only have one connection • What happens if route fails??

  4. Dynamic Routes • Routing protocol makes automatic adjustments on routes based on traffic, topology and other metrics • Reveals information about your network - security? • Less involvement by admin • Depend on timely updates of configuration to routing tables

  5. Default Route • A routing table entry that sends data to next hop when that entry is not specified in the routing table • Can be used to reach any unknown destination

  6. Bandwidth delay load reliability hop count ticks cost Metrics used by routers

  7. Routing Protocols • Distance Vector • Link State • Convergence

  8. Distance Vector • Each router gets routing tables from its neighbors • Routers determine best path based on info from their neighbors – accumulated distance – hops • Convergence – time for tables to update after change in topology

  9. Errors in Routing • Routing Loops • Count to infinity • Solution • Define a maximum – 15 hops • Split Horizon • Hold Down timers – inaccessible routes marked with timers

  10. Link State Routing • Shortest Path First • Full knowledge of distant routers • LSAs • Topology Database • SPF Algorithm • Routing tables • Designated Routers

  11. Two Link State Concerns • CPU Usage & RAM • Bandwidth • Also - Unsynchronized LSAs lead to inconsistent path decisions amongst routers

  12. Different Routing Protocols • Distance Vector vs. Link-State • Hybrids • EIGRP and IS-IS • DV metrics, LS topology change • LAN-LAN & LAN-WAN

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