Passive + infinitive

1. Passive + infinitive

2. Sample sentences: • He is said to know some very influential people. • Our manager is believed to be leaving the company. • The company is claimed to have lost a great deal on the project.

3. Form: It is said that a very rich man. is said he is He to be a very rich man. passive + infinitive

4. Form: It is said that is said inflation is rising. Inflation to be rising. passive + infinitive

5. Form: It is said that a lot of money. is said . the company lost The company to have lost a lot of money passive + infinitive

6. Infinitives • To refer to the present or future we use present simple infinitive. • It is believed that heis a good manager. • He is believed to be a good manager. 2. To refer to an activity in progress at the moment of speaking we use present continuous infinitive. • It is rumoured that inflationis increasing. • Inflation is rumoured to be increasing. 3. To refer to the past we use perfect infinitive. • It is said that theysuffered huge losses last year. • They are said to have suffered huge losses last year.

7. Present simple infinitive • It is claimed that heis the richest man in Serbia. • He is claimed to be the richest man in Serbia. 2. It is expected that the companywill move its premises to London next year. • The company is expectedto move its premises to London next year.

8. Present continuous infinitive • It is expected that theyare planning a major new investment. • They are expectedto be planning a major new investment. 2. It is believed that our managerwill be staying in Paris for five days. • Our manager is believedto be staying in Paris for five days.

9. Perfect infinitive • It is thought that hemade a lot of money last year. • He is thoughtto have made a lot of money last year. 2. It is claimed that priceshave risen again. • Prices are claimedto have risen again.

10. 3. with verbs such as: SAY THINK ALLEGE CONSIDER BELIEVE REPORT RUMOUR SUPPOSE KNOW EXPECT UNDERSTAND We use the passive + infinitive: 1. when the statement is speculative (the information is not confirmed) Many investment banks are believed to have suffered losses in recent months. 2. mainly in newspaper reporting The Hungarian economy is expected to expand by 6% over the next two years.

11. It is said that the minister is in favour of decreasing corporation tax. • The minister is said to be in favour of decreasing corporation tax. • It is thought that the board has made the decision. • The board is thought to have made the decision. • It is considered that he is the best chairman the company has ever had. • He is considered to be the best chairman the company has ever had. 4. It is believed that English is the most widely spoken language. • English is believed to be the most widely spoken language.

12. It is known that Mr. Brown is stealing iron from the factory. • Mr. Brown is known to be stealing iron from the factory. • It is thought that many investment banks have suffered losses in the “junk bond” market. • Many investment banks are thought to have suffered losses in the “junk bond” market. • It is known that Ericsson is looking at the possibility of outsourcing its low price phones in Taiwan. • Ericsson is known to be looking at the possibility of outsourcing its low price phones in Taiwan. • It is believed that the company will expand its range of services. • The company is believed to expand its range of services.

13. People consider that the team will be classified for the final. • It is considered that the team will be classified for the final. • The team is considered to beclassified for the final. • 2. Everybody says that he settled the business. • It is said that he settled the business. • He is said to have settled the business. • 3. They have thought the sportsmen are arriving today. • It has been thoughtthe sportsmen are arriving today. • The sportsmen have been thought to be arriving today. • 4. Citizens presume that the government is responsible for the accident. • It is presumed that the government is responsible for the accident. • The government is presumed to be responsible for the accident. • 5. The shareholders thought that the group had rejected the offer. • It was thought that the group had rejected the offer. • The group was thought to have rejected the offer. • 6. They say that the meeting will be held here. • It is said that the meeting will be held here. • The meeting is said to be held here.

14. Read the article about Manchester United, then complete it with the verbs in the brackets. Put the first verb in the present simple passive (to be done) and the second verb in a suitable form of the infinitive (to do, to be doing, or to have done). Manchester United: just a game of football? Manchester United (1) _______________ (suppose/have) between 10 million and 30 million supporters throughout the world. In Norway, for example, one in every 140 people (2) _______________ (say/be) a registered supporter. Ticket sales and merchandising contribute over half of the club’s revenue, with television contributing a further 20%. IS SUPPOSED TO HAVE IS SAID TO BE

15. ARE KNOWN TO BE LOOKING AT But senior executives (3) _____________________ (know/look at) other ways to generate income at the moment. For example, the club (4) _________________ (believe/develop) e-commerce initiatives through a series of alliances. Costs at the club continue to increase. A few years ago the club (5) ________________ (report/spend) £30m on a plan to expand the capacity of the stadium from 55,000 seats to 67,400 seats. But this (6) _______________ (think/be) a good investment as it will generate nearly £7.5 million in additional turnover annually. IS BELIEVED TO BE DEVELOPING IS REPORTED TO HAVE SPENT IS THOUGHT TO BE

16. The main costs at the club are the salaries of the players. A couple of years ago the team’s captain (7) _______________ (understand/negotiate) a four-year contract worth over eight figures. IS UNDERSTOOD TO HAVE NEGOTIATED