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Cell Reproduction

Discover the fascinating world of DNA, the deoxyribonucleic acid that holds the genetic information within an organism's nucleus. From the historical findings by Franklin to the groundbreaking model by Watson and Crick, delve into the structure and function of DNA, including its role in controlling traits and producing proteins. Learn about RNA and mutations, and how they contribute to genetic diversity. Explore the wonders of genetics through this comprehensive guide to the blueprint of life.

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Cell Reproduction

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  1. Cell Reproduction 4.3 DNA

  2. What is DNA? • DNA - an organism information code contained in the nucleus, deoxyribonucleic acid • History of DNA • Franklin discovered two strands of molecules in spiral form • A DNA Model • Watson and Crick - ladder form • 2 strands

  3. Sides are sugar-phosphate molecules • Deoxyribose • Phosphate group • Rungs are Nitrogen bases • Adenine (A) • Guanine (G) • Cytosine (C) • Thymine (T) • Rungs are in Pairs • Guanine - Cytosine • Thymine - Adenine

  4. Copies of DNA • DNA unwinds and becomes a pattern • Copies are identical to the original • Genes • DNA controls all traits • Traits depend on proteins • Proteins made out of amino acids • Gene - the section of DNA on a chromosome that directs the makings of proteins.

  5. RNA • RNA - carries codes for making proteins to the ribosomes, ribonucleic acid • Made of one strand • Adenine (A) • Guanine (G) • Cytosine (C) • Uracil (U) • RNA is made in the nucleus on a DNA pattern

  6. Three types of RNA • Messenger RNA (mRNA) • Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) • Transfer RNA (tRNA) • Mutations • Genes control the traits organisms inherit • Occasionally a cell receives an extra chromosome • Mutation - any permanent change to a gene or chromosome

  7. If mutations happen in sex cells, all cells formed from that sex cell will have mutations • Mutations contribute to variety • Can be harmful, neutral, or beneficial

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