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Differential Reinforcement

Differential reinforcement is a behavior modification strategy that encourages more appropriate behaviors while reducing inappropriate ones. By identifying and reinforcing functionally similar, acceptable responses, teachers and parents can promote desirable behavior. Key concepts include the 1:1 principle, operationally defining replacement behaviors, and applying strategies like Differential Reinforcement of Other Behaviors (DRO), Alternative/Incompatible Behaviors (DRA/DRI), and Low Rates of Behavior (DRL). Effective implementation requires careful reinforcement scheduling and baseline assessment.

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Differential Reinforcement

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  1. Differential Reinforcement

  2. Differential Reinforcement • Reinforcing a more appropriate behavior that the teachers or parents wish a child to learn, instead of exhibiting the inappropriate behavior. • 1:1 principle – a behavior that is being reduced should be replaced with a functionally similar, yet acceptable, response

  3. Identifying replacement behaviors • What can the child do instead of what s/he has been doing that serves the same function? • Also needs to be operationally defined • Dead man’s rule: if a dead man can do it, it’s not behavior! • Good replacement behavior: “taps person on the shoulder instead of hitting” • Bad replacement behavior: “sits quietly and waits” (can’t get attention that way…hitting works much better!)

  4. Differential Reinforcement of Other Behavior (DRO) • “DR-Zero” • Resetting • Nonresetting

  5. Using DRO Effectively • Use a powerful reinforcer • Schedule carefully • Take baseline on how often the behavior occurs – Inter-response time • Do not reinforce occurrences of the behavior

  6. Differential Reinforcement of Alternative/Incompatible Behaviors (DRA/DRI): • Reinforcing a more appropriate behavior that the teachers or parents wish a child to learn, instead of exhibiting the inappropriate behavior. • 1:1 principle – a behavior that is being reduced should be replaced with a functionally similar, yet acceptable, response

  7. Differential Reinforcement of Alternative/Incompatible Behaviors (DRA/DRI): • Most common DRA: Functional Communication Training • Don’t worry about structure so much in the beginning • Make it something universally understood and easy to acquire • Refine responding over time Example:Reinforcing a child’s use of an alternative communication system rather than a child’s tantruming when making requests.

  8. Differential Reinforcement of Low Rates of Behavior (DRL) • Goal is reduction and not elimination • Baseline responding should serve as initial DRL • Reinforcement must be powerful • Must increase judiciously • Time based • Response based

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