Dietary Supplements

1. Dietary Supplements The dangers of quick weight-loss solutions Nikki Denison June, 10, 2014 HW499-01 Kaplan University

2. Weight-Loss Supplements: A Quick Fix Types • Energy enhancers • Appetite suppressants • Fat-blockers • Metabolism boosters • Fads • Pills, gelcaps, tablets • Liquids • Weight-loss shakes

3. NIH Key Points • Dietary supplements contain a variety of ingredients, such as vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and herbs or other botanicals. Research has confirmed health benefits of some dietary supplements but not others. • To use dietary supplements safely, read and follow the label instructions, and recognize that “natural” does not always mean “safe.” Be aware that an herbal supplement may contain dozens of compounds and that all of its ingredients may not be known. • Some dietary supplements may interact with medications or pose risks if you have medical problems or are going to have surgery. Most dietary supplements have not been tested in pregnant women, nursing mothers, or children. • The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulates dietary supplements, but the regulations for dietary supplements are different and less strict than those for prescription or over-the-counter drugs. • Tell all your health care providers about any complementary health approaches you use. Give them a full picture of what you do to manage your health. This will help ensure coordinated and safe care.

4. Most Common Ingredients • Bitter Orange, Citrus Aurantium, and Sour Orange • Contains synphrine—stimulant that can cause hypertension and interact with medications Chromium - Trivalent (safe in doses <200 micrograms/day) - Hexavalent: may cause stomach aches, ulcers, convulsions, kidney and liver disease Ephedra/Ephedrine - Appetite suppressant - High blood pressure, stroke, and heart problems - Very dangerous if mixed with caffeine Yerba Mate, Black Tea, Green Tea, and Guarana - Caffeine—may cause high blood pressure - Diuretic - Can produce tolerance and psychological dependence on caffeine

5. Recommended Web Sources DSHEA: Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994. DSHEA defines dietary supplements: (1) means a product (other than tobacco) intended to supplement the diet that bears or contains one or more of the following dietary ingredients: a. a vitamin; b. a mineral; c. an herb or other botanical; d. an amino acid; e. a dietary supplement used by man to supplement the diet by increasing the total dietary intake; or a concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or combination of any ingredient described in clauses a-d (http://www.health.gov/dietsupp/ch1.htm) NIH: National Institutes of Health Office of Dietary Supplements http://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/DietarySupplements-HealthProfessional/ NCCAM: National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine http://nccam.nih.gov/health/supplements

6. Educational Resources The Regulation of Dietary Supplements Within the United States: Flawed Attempts at Mending a Defective Consumer Safety Mechanism: Journal of Consumer Affairs http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.lib.kaplan.edu/eds/detail?vid=2&sid=d90363cc-0395-49f9-ae39-413fcb0328da%40sessionmgr4003&hid=4208&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#db=bth&AN=89557941 Understanding Dietary Supplements: eBook by Jenna Hollenstein http://eds.a.ebscohost.com.lib.kaplan.edu/eds/detail?vid=2&sid=d90363cc-0395-49f9-ae39-413fcb0328da%40sessionmgr4003&hid=4208&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWRzLWxpdmU%3d#db=nlebk&AN=221085

7. PowerPoint Sources Slide 1: http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=purple+weight+loss+pills&FORM=HDRSC2#view=detail&id=2F2422D174D84B63412904C84C53C7DF74E9A71A&selectedIndex=23 Slide 2: http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=purple+weight+loss+pills&FORM=HDRSC2#view=detail&id=AFA5C878B9F26D802370E01CC4B78EAC8A9612B8&selectedIndex=34 Slide 3: Hand, Becky. "Diet Pills & Supplements: Fact or Fiction?." SparkPeople. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 June 2014. <http://www.sparkpeople.com/resource/nutrition_articles.asp?id=510&page=2>.