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US History MP2. Day 1 Bellringer. Rewrite the following in your own words: evaluate the impact of Progressive Era reforms, including initiative, referendum, recall, and the passage of the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th amendment. Progressive Era.
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Day 1 Bellringer • Rewrite the following in your own words: • evaluate the impact of Progressive Era reforms, including initiative, referendum, recall, and the passage of the 16th, 17th, 18th, and 19th amendment
Progressive Era • You are going to get a set of vocab terms from the era. As a group, define each term, and then we will do several short activities with them. • Group words:
Definitions • 1 sentence/3 words • Odd word out • Spag/ic • Group words
Day 2 Bellringer • Rewrite in your own words: • describe the economic effects of international military conflicts, including the Spanish-American War and World War I, on the United States
Quiz – PE and CNN news -What is one amendment made during the Progressive Era – number and law. -What is the purpose of the Pure Food and Drug Act? -What one main law/bill in the center of the government shutdown? -What is the term for voting right? -What were muckrakers, a type of journalist, trying to accomplish?
1. The Pressure to Expand • In the late 1800s, as European nations took over vast areas in Africa and Asia, American leaders looked to extend American influence abroad
Industrialization Had Changed the Lives of Americans • Rise of cities • Beginnings of mass culture • Westward expansion • Travel networks • Communication networks • What would be next?
Many believed that Americans should….. • Protect themselves • Economically • Politically • Socially • Surge of European conquests for new lands and resources • Americans did not want to be left behind.
Why Imperialism Grew • Economic factors • Increased need for natural resources • Increased need for new markets • Nationalism factors • Nationalism • Superiority • Military factors • New military technology • Need for naval bases • Humanitarian factors • Felt a duty to spread western culture • Felt called to spread Christianity
Steps to American Imperialism • Monroe Doctrine • Manifest Destiny • 1867: Acquired Alaska from Russia • 1875: Signed a treaty with Hawaii • Interested in Pacific Islands as refueling stations • Interested in the Caribbean and Latin America
Arguments for U.S. Expansion • It would promote economic growth • It would protect American Security • It would preserve the American Spirit
Economic Growth • Americans could not consume all that the nation produced • Needed new markets • Supported by business leaders • Other businesses had actually invested in foreign countries
Protecting American Security • Support for a strong navy • Navy would need refueling stations • Alfred T. Mahan, The Influence of Sea Power Upon History 1660 - 1783
Preserving American Spirit • Some were afraid that the U.S. was losing some of it’s vitality • Henry Cabot Lodge • Frederick Jackson Turner • Theodore Roosevelt • Some believed in Social Darwinism (White Man’s Burden) • Josiah Strong • Albert J. Beveridge
Key Terms • Imperialism • Nationalism • Annex • Banana republic • Alfred T. Mahan • Frederick Jackson Turner • Josiah Strong • Henry Cabot Lodge
2. The Spanish-American War • A swift victory in the Spanish- American War confirmed the status of the United States as a world power, but it left some people arguing over how to govern newly acquired territories.
Setting the Stage • United States displays power in Latin America • Chile • Brazil • British Guiana and Venezuela • Cuban Rebellion • 1895 • U.S. becomes involved when American sugar plantations are destroyed • Yellow Journalism
The War Begins • Sympathy for the Cuban rebels grows • McKinley reacts to riots in Havana by moving the battleship U.S.S. Maine into the harbor • The de Lome letter • Explosion of the U.S.S. Maine • Rebellion in the Philippines • April 11, 1898: McKinley’s war message
Results of the War • 2500 Americans died but only 400 in battle. Most died from food poisoning, yellow fever, malaria, and inadequate medical care • United States imperialism was firmly established
Dilemma in the Philippines “We could not leave them to themselves – they were unfit for self-government, and they would soon have anarchy and misrule worse than Spain’s was …..There was nothing left for us to do but to take them all, and to educate the Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them……” President McKinley
Fate of Cuba • Attached to the Declaration of War was the Teller Amendment that promised that the U.S. would not annex Cuba. • Platt Amendment: Cuba agreed to allow U.S. to operate a naval base
The U.S. and Puerto Rico • Did not gain freedom • Still a territory of the United States • Jones Act (of Congress) declares citizenship for Puerto Ricans
Other gains in the Pacific • Annexation of Hawaii • American Samoa
Open door to China • Secretary of State John Hay issues Open Door notes to European powers insuring that China was open to all. • Chinese are angry and form the Righteous and Harmonious Fists (The Boxers) • Second set of notes is issued to stop exploitation of China
Day 3 Bellringer • What did America call our version of “imperialism?”
3. A New Foreign Policy • President Theodore Roosevelt conducted a vigorous foreign policy that suited the new status of the United States as a world power. Presidents Taft and Wilson took a different approach to influencing other nations.
Panama Canal • Began a revolution in Panama in order to build the canal • Necessary for military and economic reasons.
TR Responds to Critics “ If I had followed traditional, conservative methods I would have submitted a dignified State paper of probably 200 pages to Congress and the debates on it would have been going on yet; but I took the Canal Zone and let Congress debate; and while the debate goes on the canal does also.”
Big Stick Diplomacy • “ Speak softly and carry a big stick.” • Roosevelt Corollary • Supports the Monroe Doctrine with military action • Roosevelt as Peacemaker: Russo-Japanese War – Nobel peace prize
Taft and Dollar Diplomacy • Maintain Open Door in Asia • “Substituting dollars for bullets.” • Maintaining peace through increased American investment • Not very successful
Wilson and Moral Diplomacy • U.S. would apply moral and legalistic standards to foreign policy • Wilson decided what was moral • Let to involvement in Latin countries (Mexico) • Did not work well
Debating America’s New Role • After the Spanish-American War, the debate intensified over whether the United States should build an empire
Anti-Imperialists • Rejects the foundation of American ideals and democracy • “The Constitution must follow the flag”: the same freedoms that apply to U.S. citizens should apply to people in nations under U.S. control
Contains elements of racism • Allows the entrance of too many people with different ethnic and racial backgrounds into this country • Economic arguments: costly to maintain a strong military presence; increased competition from foreign industries and labor
Pro-Imperialism • Offers new “frontier” for the American imagination and spirit • Celebrates American ideals and goals
Important for expanding economic, military, and cultural interests abroad • Important for the United States to protect itself and remain strong in world affairs.
Now that we have expanded, the problems start coming… • How might powerful nations taking control of weak nations cause problems amongst the powerful nations?
