Renaissance and Reformation

1. Renaissance and Reformation Renaissance in Italy

2. I. Renaissance • A. Means Re-Birth • B. 1350-1600 • 1. Began in Italy expanding throughout Europe • a. Florence was starting point

3. 2. Rebirth of literature, art, architecture. • 3. Medici and Borgia families led the way.

4. C. Johann Gutenberg • 1. First developed moveable type in Europe • 2. before, written on goat or sheep skin • a. Was somewhat costly • b. Later found a way to make paper cheaper

5. 3. First book printed by Gutenberg was the Bible • a. U. of Texas owns one of the originals

6. Leonardo da Vinci • 1. Artist and engineer • 2. Designed armored vehicles, flying machines, parachutes, cannons and large sculptures. • 3. Had a code--wrote backwards than used a mirror to read it

7. 4. Dissected bodies and drew sketches of the anatomy • 5. Also an outstanding artist • a. Mona Lisa • b. Last Supper • 6. Major criticism was that he never finished what he started

11. Michealangelo • 1. Artist • a. painted the ceiling in the Sistine Chapel • I. Genius • II. It is 134’ long 85’high 44’wide

12. III. Laid on his back 4 1/2 years • IV. Painted for Julius II

13. b. Painted the end wall 24 years later • I. Last Judgement • II. 60’ high, 30’ wide • III. Took eight years

14. The Flood

15. Creation of the Planets, Sun, and Moon

16. Prophet Ezekiel

17. 2. Sculptor • a. What he enjoyed the most • b. Statues of Moses, David, Pieta

18. Statute of David and Moses

19. Pieta

20. Michelangelo’s Last Judgment • violent fresco painting, depicting the arrival of Charon's boat of damned souls in Hades.

21. 3. Architect • a. Helped design St. Peter’s in Rome • 4. Teacher • used students to do or finish his work • most famous of these was Raphael

22. St. Peter’s

23. Machiavelli • 1. A writer and a diplomat • 2.The Prince, his most famous work • a. Described his type of gov’t • b. Everything was OK as long as the state existed

24. Machiavelli

25. C. rulers were not under moral rules or laws • D. Deceit was OK • 3. Father of political science

26. II. Reformation • A. Inquisition • 1. Set up to eliminate heresy and heretics • 2. Heavy penance for those who recant

27. 3. Condemned were turned over to civil government • a. usually burned at the stake

28. B. Heresy • 1. Questioning of church doctrine • a. Teachings of Church revealed through the Bible

29. John Wycliffe • A. Translated the Bible into English • I. everyone who could read English could read it • B. Felt you didn’t need a priest to be saved

30. C. after he died and was buried, his bones were dug up and burned in a public ceremony

31. Martin Luther • A. 95 Theses • 1. Nailed to church door of Wittenberg Cathedral. • A. protest against some practices of the church • B.particularly against indulgences

32. C. An invitation to debate • D. Leo X--Pope

33. 2. Indulgences • A. Given for performance of a good work • B. Now used(sold) to raise money for Church projects • C. Were pardons for sins

34. 3. Simony • A. buying and selling of Church positions • B. Person would recoup the money by charging fees for services

35. 4. Fake Relics • A. a relic is a piece of a very holy person or something that person has owned or touched • B. Many fake relics floating around Europe • nails from the cross, skulls from John the Baptist

36. 5. Land • A. Much of land in Europe owned by the Church • B. Church was rich and powerful, money oriented • C. Was one of the largest landowners in Europe

37. B. Good Works • 1. Church taught that in order to get to Heaven an individual had to perform good works • 2. Luther believed that • a. Belief in God would achieve salvation

38. B. Salvation could come by faith alone • C. Good deeds and ceremonies would not save you • D. didn’t need clergy to administer the sacraments • only two sacraments--baptism and communion

39. E. Could not buy your way into Heaven

40. C. Result • 1. Luther excommunicated • 2. He protest against the Church • 3. People who protested were called Protestants

41. 4. Began his own church--Lutheran Church • a. Had not intended to do this but the Catholic Church left him no choice

42. Y.T.T.W. • Determine why the Catholic Church was so fearful of Martin Luther. Why did they eventually allow Martin Luther to set up his own church?

44. III. John Calvin • A. Born and raised in France • 1. Saw little hope for reform of Church in France so left. • B. Geneva • 1. Doctrine of predestination

45. A. God already determined who were to be saved because He knows the future. • B. The chosen were called the “elect” • C. Only way to be sure was to lead a righteous life

46. 2. Ideas spread but was never a major religion • 3. Wrote “Institute of Christian Religion: • a. Beliefs

47. Y.T.T.W. • Explain Calvin’s doctrine of predestination. Determine two common beliefs that Martin Luther and John Calvin shared.

49. IV. Reformation in England • A. Henry VIII • 1. Devoted Catholic • 2. Wanted a son--heir to throne • a. Only had a daughter

50. 3. Wanted Pope to annul the marriage • a. Pope stalled because Henry’s wife was Spanish and he didn’t want to upset the Spanish • b. Henry married total of 6 times