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This overview explores the historical development of reference services within libraries, detailing their original purpose to collect, organize, and preserve knowledge. It discusses how libraries evolved from closed stacks with limited assistance to inclusive spaces featuring public outreach and user support. The shift from traditional models to modern service frameworks, including digital and decentralized approaches, underscores the changing educational and cultural landscapes that libraries navigate. The text also addresses contemporary user needs, the balance between assistance and advisory roles, and future implications for reference services.
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Reference Overview: History and Organization
History of Reference • Original purpose of libraries: • Collect, organize, and preserve. • Early researchers relied on private or subscription collections • Libraries development reflect changes in education and culture • Early academic libraries: • Closed stacks • Limited hours • Little assistance
History of Reference • Development of reference • Late 19th to early 20th century • Reflected changing curricula, shift to research universities • More support for patrons • Public Libraries • Educate the citizenry • Samuel Green, 1876 paper • Need to guide reading selections
History of Reference • Assistance with access • Assistance with research • Reader’s advisory • Instruction • Balance of user needs and user desires • Physical and virtual space • Who decides? • Future of reference?
Organization of Reference Service Models
Reference Services • Mediated Services • Proactive Services • Question answering (ready reference, bibliographic verification, research) • Reader’s Advisory • Instruction • Research assistance • Selective dissemination of information • Referral
Service Models • Service Models: • Traditional • Centralized • Combined service points • Information commons • Decentralized • Tiered service • Roving reference • Digital/ Virtual/ Remote