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Psychoanalytic Theories. A theory of personality, and a form of therapeutic intervention based on principle of psychic determinism: “nothing happens by chance” Freud Jung. The Johari Window. Freud: Structure of Personality.
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Psychoanalytic Theories • A theory of personality, and a form of therapeutic intervention • based on principle of psychic determinism: “nothing happens by chance” • Freud • Jung
Freud: Structure of Personality • Id: Primitive part of the mind, repository of drives, major goal is “gratification” • Superego: judge or critic (divided into conscience and ego-ideal) • Ego: mediates between superego and id • Eros: the “life” instinct • Thanatos: the “death” instinct
Behaviour • Shaped by ego attempting to reconcile id and super-ego • When ego has difficulty, it produces a series of defenses aimed at providing protection and gratification simultaneously • Ego-defenses = unconscious manipulation of reality
Ego Defences • Repression: bar from consciousness the id impulse • Denial: blocking external events from awareness • Asceticism: renunciation of all pleasures • Reaction Formation: “over-reacting” • Isolation: somatizing emotions
Ego Defences • Intellectualization: stripping emotion from difficult or threatening impulse • Displacement: redirection of an impulse to a safe substitute • Projection: attribute undesirable wishes to some other person • Regression: return to a less mature form
Ego Defences • Sublimation: transforming unacceptable impulse into a productive, socially acceptable form • “What unconscious protection or gratification does this client get from [insert medical condition here]”
Developmental Context (Freud) • Oral Stage: 0-18 months • Anal Stage: 18 months - 3 years • Phallic Stage: 3-6 years • Latency 7-11 years • Oedipal Phase/Electra Complex
Application of Psychoanalytic Theory • Free Association (no intervention) • Resistance • Transference • Counter-transference Goal of any therapeutic alliance is to make the unconscious, conscious
Jung’s Theory of Personality • Ego: the conscious mind • Personal Unconscious: no instincts • Collective Unconscious: “psychic inheritance” of the human species
Archetypes of the Collective Unconscious • The Mother • Mana: spiritual connectedness • Shadow: drive concerned with survival and reproduction • Persona: projection of self in public space • Syzygy: consists of Anima and Animus
Dynamics of the Psyche • Principle of Opposites • Principle of Equivalence • Principle of Entropy • Synchronicity
Strengths/Limitations Strengths: - it’s probably true - it works in difficult cases - highlights importance of sexuality Limitations: - over-emphasizes psyche, can be paralyzing - more theoretical than practical?
Applications in practice • Free association: provide reason for active listening • Avoid “medicalizing” all problems • Patient is author of his/her own “life script” • E-ducat = “to lead out of darkness” • Role of health professional is not content download, but assist to self-discovery