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Biotechnology

Biotechnology. Chapter 2. Definition. Biotechnology is defined as “The manipulation of biological organisms to make products benefiting human beings” (p. 19). Agricultural and Animal Cross-breeding for trait selection

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Biotechnology

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  1. Biotechnology Chapter 2

  2. Definition • Biotechnology is defined as “The manipulation of biological organisms to make products benefiting human beings” (p. 19). • Agricultural and Animal Cross-breeding for trait selection • With the discovery of the structure of DNA by Watson and Crick in the 50’s, biotechnology has extended into the areas such as: • Gene transfer through direct manipulation • Human stem cell research • Cloning • Fusing of different types of cells to product medical products

  3. Biotechnology Using biological agents in processes to produce goods or services

  4. Biotechnology really the history of

  5. Babylonians grew yeasts to produce beer….over 8000 years ago

  6. All about the yeast Altering any part of this process is biotech

  7. All about the yeast Yeast fermentation = ethanol + a little biotech = glycerol + tweaking fermentation = Beer and bread Explosives during WWII Antibiotics

  8. Biotechnology in Agriculture Problem?  Pests and weeds Solution!  Use viruses and bacteria to splice-in genes from resistant species e.g., bacterial gene produces a protein toxic to corn borers

  9. Ears?!Huh?Yes.

  10. Biotechnology and humans • Biotechnology is also being used to benefit the human population: • Genetic testing • Gene therapy • Organ Transplants • Stem Cells

  11. Biotechnologies and medicine

  12. cybermedicine • Nanomedicine • Pharmacogenomics • Medical Simulations • Minimally Invasive Surgery • In Vitro Fertilization • Fetoscopy

  13. Breeding versus Biotechnology Cross-pollination Genetic Engineering Desired gene + commercial variety = new variety New variety has ONLY desired genes But what of unintended consequences?? Donor plant + commercial variety = new variety New variety has desired and undesired genes

  14. Gattaca Genetic discrimination as shown in Gattaca

  15. biotechnology and food sources

  16. Breeding versus Biotechnology Cross-pollination Genetic Engineering Desired gene + commercial variety = new variety New variety has ONLY desired genes Donor plant + commercial variety = new variety New variety has desired and undesired genes

  17. Recombinant DNA

  18. Biotechnology and other areas • Biotechnology extends beyond application to food and medicine: • Biomaterials used to produce consumer items • Bioremediation to assist in waste management • Biomining to extract precious metals and ores • DNA chips to screen for water quality, determine the identity of endangered species, and allow rapid ID of crime suspects in the field.

  19. DNA, Computers, and Walgreens? • DNA Computer Gets Scaled Up (link) • Personal DNA Tests Arriving at Walgreens (link) • Synthetic Life Becomes Reality (video) • Rat Brain Flight Simulator (video)

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