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A Flawed Peace: The End of War

A Flawed Peace: The End of War. The big Collapse. After Russia withdrew from the war, Germany attempted one last offensive on the Western Front Germany’s military was VERY weak  CRUSHED. The big Collapse.

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A Flawed Peace: The End of War

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  1. A Flawed Peace:The End of War

  2. The big Collapse • After Russia withdrew from the war, Germany attempted one last offensive on the Western Front • Germany’s military was VERY weak  CRUSHED

  3. The big Collapse • After Germany’s final defeat the Central Powers quickly collapsed • 11/11/1918: • Germany & France signed an armistice, or an agreement to stop fighting

  4. The Terms of Peace • Paris Peace Conference: • 32 countries met in Versailles, France • Debated the conditions of peace

  5. The Terms of Peace • Major decisions made by the BIG FOUR: • Wilson (US) • Clemenceau (FR) • George (GB) • Orlando (IT)

  6. World Peace?

  7. The Fourteen Points • The Fourteen Points: • Proposed by Woodrow Wilson • Outlined a plan for world peace

  8. The Fourteen Points • Point ONE through FOUR: • NO MORE secret treaties • Freedom of the seas • Free trade • Reduced national militaries

  9. The Fourteen Points • Point FIVE: • Adjustment of colonial claims with fairness towards colonial people

  10. The Fourteen Points • Points SIX through THIRTEEN: • Border adjustments • Creation of new nations • Self-determination: • The people may decide on the type of government they wish to have

  11. The Fourteen Points • Point FOURTEEN: • Proposed a “general association of nations” that would protect “great & small states alike”

  12. The Fourteen Points • France & Britain DID NOT like the Fourteen Points • Concerned with national security; believed that Germany needed to be punished

  13. The Fourteen Points • France, Great Britain & the US engaged in heated arguments in regards to the peace agreement • Finally reached an agreement • Treaty of Versailles

  14. Treaty of Versailles • League of Nations • Territorial Losses • Military Restrictions • War Guilt

  15. 1) League of Nations • International peace organization; based on Wilson’s Fourteenth Point • Excluded enemy & neutral nations • EXAMPLE: • Germany & Russia

  16. 2) Territorial Losses & New Nations • Germany returned Alsace-Lorraine to France • Germany surrendered all of its overseas colonies in Africa & the Pacific

  17. 2) Territorial Losses & New Nations • Austria-Hungary: • Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia

  18. 2) Territorial Losses & New Nations • Ottoman Empire: • Kept Turkey • Palestine, Iraq, Jordan came under British control • Syria & Lebanon came under French control

  19. 2) Territorial Losses & New Nations • Russian Territory: • Romania, Poland, Finland, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania

  20. 3) Military Restrictions • Limited the size of German army • Prohibited Germany from buying or manufacturing weapons and/or submarines • Forbade Germany to have an Air Force

  21. 4) War Guilt • Germany was forced to accept sole responsibility for the war • Forced to pay $33 billion in war reparations over a 30 year period

  22. A Troubled Treaty • The treaty created feelings of bitterness & betrayal among the victors & the defeated

  23. Peace Built on Quicksand • DID NOT achieve a lasting peace • The United States rejected treaty, especially the League of Nations – wanted to stay out of European affairs! • Greatly damaged Germany; MAD!!!

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