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Overview of Electrical Actuators: Types, Control Techniques, and Applications

Learn about pneumatic, hydraulic, and electrical actuators including DC motors, AC motors, stepper motors, and control techniques. Understand rotor and stator configurations, motor torque, speed control, and more in automatic control engineering.

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Overview of Electrical Actuators: Types, Control Techniques, and Applications

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  1. ELECTRICAL ACTUATORS Josep Amat and Alícia Casals Automatic Control and Computer Engineering Department

  2. D.C. motors. A.C. motors Steeper motors. ACTUATORS 1 – Pneumatic actuators Cylinders Motors 2 – Hydraulic actuadors Cylinders Motors 3 – Electrical actuators

  3. D.C. Motors. F Force. H I Motor

  4. D.C. Motors. Motor torque with a one turn coil Motor torque with two turns coil Brushes Motor torque with multiple turns coil

  5. Casing Stator Stator Rotor Rotor

  6. D.C. Motors. Stator (Inductor) Stator Rotor (Induced) Serial excitation Parallel excitation

  7. D.C. Motors. V = I· (Re+ Rr) + Vcem I T= KI· I ·FI T Stator V = Kv· w Vcem Tr V1 v2 w wO wO , Serial excitation

  8. D.C. Motors. I T V = Kv· w Vcem Tr V2 w V = I· (Re+ Rr) + Vcem T= KI· I ·Fo Stator V1 wO Permanent magnet dc motor

  9. D.C. Motors. Control techniques PWM

  10. A.C. Motors.  3.000 r.p.m. 50 Hz. 50 Hz. = 50 r.p.s x 60 = 3.000 r.p.m. Triphasic voltage produces a rotator magnetic field that steers the rotor, if it is a magnet

  11. A.C. Motors. ac F0 = 50 Hz. The permanent magnet triphasic motor has a constant speed. Synchronic motor

  12. ac/dc dc/ac f A.C. Motors. Control techniques The speed of a triphasic motor with permanent magnet rotor can be controlled by varying the frequency of the feeding signals.

  13. + V 0 V A B A B Control technique: using a dc / ac converter A.C. Motors.

  14. Electrical Actuators DC Motors. AC Motors. Stepper Motors Synchronous Asynchronous (Induction)

  15. U VW V V N S U U i W W Synchronous A.C. Motor the rotor is a permanent magnet Induction motor (asynchronous), the rotor is composed of one or more windings in short-circuit

  16. Rotor of an asyncronous a.c. motor (Rotor as squirrel cage)

  17. T T Tr f1 V1 v2 w wO w1 w1 f1 A B A.C. Motor. (Synchronous) D.C. Motor. Tr w

  18. T T V1 wO w1 A.C. Motor. (Synchronous) D.C. Motor. Tr Tr V2 w w w0 w2 f0 = 50 Hz. U VW

  19. S N S N S N S N N N S S S N N S N S N S Control of the position of the rotor in a stepper motor using multiple pole pairs Stepper Motors

  20. S N N S S N S N N N S S S N N S S N N S Reduction of the number of pole pairs to a minimum, groups of three that share the same coils: Three phases stepper motor Stepper Motors

  21. Stepper Motors S S N N N N S S S S N N S S N N N N N N S S S S S S N N N N S S S S N N N N S S Stepper motor control in three phases

  22. Stepper motors. 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N Control of a two bodies stepper motor of two phases S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S N S

  23. Internal structure of a two bodies stepper motor, of two phases

  24. Stepper Motors. Control techniques of a two phases stepper motor

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