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The Circulatory System

The circulatory system is essential for transporting nutrients, waste, and gases to and from body cells while maintaining body temperature in warm-blooded organisms. Without a circulatory system, single-celled organisms rely on direct environmental contact, while simple multicellular organisms depend on diffusion. Circulatory systems comprise a fluid, tubes, and a pump. They can be classified as open (found in most invertebrates with hemolymph) or closed (found in vertebrates and some invertebrates with blood). The closed system features chambers separated by septa and operates through two distinct circuits: pulmonary and systemic.

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The Circulatory System

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  1. The Circulatory System Transporting nutrients, waste, dissolved gases and other chemicals to and from the cells of the body. For warm blooded organisms - also helps maintain body temperature.

  2. Organisms without a circulatory system • Single celled organisms – in direct contact with their environment • Simple multi-cellular organisms – thin layers of cells, thus diffusion is enough to transport nutrients and waste.

  3. Components • All circulatory systems have: • A fluid to carry dissolved particles • Tubes for the fluid to flow • A pump that pushes the fluid through the tubes

  4. Types of Circulatory Systems - OPEN • Found in most invertebrates • Fluid – hemolymph (blood and tissue fluid) • One or more hearts pump the hemolymph through vessels then empties into sinuses where it bathes the tissues directly • When the heart(s) relax hemolymph returns to the heart

  5. Types of Circulatory Systems- Closed • Found in all vertebrates and some invertebrates (ex. earth worms) • Fluid usually blood • Blood is pumped by one or more hearts and is always contained in vessels • thus to get to cells particles have to diffuse across the blood vessel through the extracellular fluid and across the cell membrane

  6. Various Hearts • 2,3 and 4 chambered hearts • Atria always receive blood from the body • Ventricles always pump blood to the body • Chambers are separated by a wall of tissue called a septum

  7. Types of Circulatory Sytems-Closed – Two Circuit • Circulation to lungs, separate from circulation to the rest of the body • Pulmonary Circuit – heart to lungs and back • Systemic Circuit – heart to all other body tissues and back

  8. HWK • Read 11.1 pg 478-481 • Questions pg 481 #1-6

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