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Chapter 6 A Tour of a Cell

Chapter 6 A Tour of a Cell. 6.1 All organisms are made of cells 6.2 Membranes organize a cell’s activities 6.3 Membranes regulate the traffic of molecules 6.4 The cell builds a diversity of products 6.5 Chloroplasts and mitochondria energize cells

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Chapter 6 A Tour of a Cell

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  1. Chapter 6 A Tour of a Cell 6.1 All organisms are made of cells 6.2 Membranes organize a cell’s activities 6.3 Membranes regulate the traffic of molecules 6.4 The cell builds a diversity of products 6.5 Chloroplasts and mitochondria energize cells 6.6 An internal skeleton supports the cell and enables movement

  2. 6.1 All organisms are made of cells • Objectives • Explain the main ideas of the cell theory. • Describe how microscopes aid the study of cells. • Compare and contrast animal cells and plant cells. • Distinguish between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells

  3. What do you have in common with.. Cells!

  4. 6.1 Explain the main ideas of the cell theory • Scientists, using microscopes, found cells in every organism they examined. This led to the cell theory— • All living things are composed of cells • Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. • All cells come from pre-existing cells.

  5. 6.1 Describe how microscopes aid the study of cells. • Light microscopes (LM) 1000x actual size. • Electron microscope uses a beam of electrons. 1,000,000 x, enough to reveal details of the structures inside a cell. • Scanning electron microscope (SEM) surface of cells • Transmission electron microscope (TEM) inside of cells Micrographs are photos through a microscope. Notations like LM 200x

  6. Light Microscopes in Classroom

  7. Try labeling without notes 4x 10x 40x

  8. 6.1 Compare and contrast animal cells and plant cells. Main Differences AnimalPlant ciliacell wall contractile vacuole central vacuole centrioles chloroplast There are Prokaryotic-(no nucleus) and Eukaryotic-(nucleus) in both kingdoms

  9. 6.2 Describe the structure of cellular membranes. • Cell membranes are boundaries of all cells • Structure- Phospholipid bilayer two-layer "sandwich“ of molecules • Proteins inserted

  10. 6.2 Identify functions of proteins in cellular membranes. • Functions of cell membranes

  11. 6.3 Relate diffusion and equilibrium. • Diffusion • the movement of particles from where they are more concentrated to where they are less concentrated. demoequilibrium, or balance .

  12. 6.3 Describe how passive transport occursExplain how active transport differs from passive transport Both diffusion and facilitated diffusion are forms of passive transport, the cell DOES NOT use energy. In facilitated diffusion, particles pass through a channel in a transport protein.

  13. 6.3 Relate osmosis to solute concentration • The passive transport of water across a selectively permeablemembraneis called osmosis • Hypertonic-shrink • Hypotonic-swell • Isotonic-same Demo 1 Demo2

  14. 6.3Describe how large molecules move across a membrane • When a cell expends energy to move molecules or ions across a membrane, the process is known as active transport

  15. 6.4 Identify the role of the nucleus in a cell. A cell's nucleus contains DNA—molecules that direct cell activities. DNA contains Instructions For making proteins

  16. 6.4 Describe ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum, and the Golgi apparatus • Proteins are made by the ribosomes. Transportation membranes are the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). • Smooth ER- no ribosomes • Rough ER-has ribosomes • Some products that are made in the ER travel to the Golgi apparatus which acts as “shipping and recieving” of the cell.

  17. 6.4 Distinguish between the functions of vacuoles and lysosomes Vacuolesstore undigested nutrients Contractile vacuoles-animals Central vacuole-plants • Lysosomescontain digestive enzymes

  18. 6.4 Summarize the path of proteins through membranes.

  19. 6.5 Compare the functions of chloroplasts and mitochondria. • Chloroplasts are the photosynthetic organelles found in plants and algae. • mitochondria are where cellular respiration occurs. This process releases energy from sugars. Sun’s energy to chloroplast to Make Glucose to mitochondria to change glucose to ATP energy

  20. 6.6 Describe the role of the cytoskeleton in cell movement • cytoskeleton (cyto means "cell"), a network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm • Straight, hollow tubes of proteins that give rigidity, shape, and organization to a cell are called microtubules Thinner, solid rods enable the cell to move or change shape are called microfilaments

  21. 6.5 Compare and contrast the functions of flagella and cilia • Flagella are long, thin, whip-like structures that enable some cells • to move • Cilia are generally shorter and more numerous than flagella • Remember that none of a cell’s organelles works alone. The cooperation of cellular organelles makes a cell a living unit that is greater than the sum of its parts

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