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The Antebellum South

The Antebellum South. “Look Away, Dixie Land!”. Early Emancipation in the North. Missouri Compromise, 1820. Antebellum Southern Society. Characteristics of the Antebellum South. Primarily agrarian. Economic power shifted from the “upper South” to the “lower South.”

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The Antebellum South

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  1. The Antebellum South “Look Away, Dixie Land!”

  2. Early Emancipation in the North

  3. Missouri Compromise, 1820

  4. Antebellum Southern Society

  5. Characteristics of the Antebellum South • Primarily agrarian. • Economic power shifted from the “upper South” to the “lower South.” • “Cotton Is King!” * 1860--> 5 mil. bales a yr. (57% of total US exports). • Very slow development of industrialization. • Rudimentary financial system. • Inadequate transportation system.

  6. Southern Society (1850) “Slavocracy”[plantation owners] 6,000,000 The “Plain Folk”[white yeoman farmers] Black Freemen 250,000 Black Slaves3,200,000 Total US Population --> 23,000,000[9,250,000 in the South = 40%]

  7. Southern Population (1860)

  8. Antebellum Southern Economy

  9. Graniteville Textile Co. Founded in 1845, it was the South’s first attempt at industrialization in Richmond, VA

  10. Southern Agriculture

  11. Slaves Picking Cottonon a Mississippi Plantation

  12. Slaves Using the Cotton Gin

  13. Changes in Cotton Production 1820 1860

  14. Value of Cotton Exports As % of All US Exports

  15. “Hauling the Whole Week’s Pickings”William Henry Brown, 1842

  16. Slaves Workingin a Sugar-Boiling House, 1823

  17. The South's "Peculiar Institution"

  18. Slave Auction Notice, 1823

  19. Slave Auction: Charleston, SC-1856

  20. Slave Accoutrements Slave MasterBrands Slave muzzle

  21. Anti-Slave Pamphlet

  22. Slave Accoutrements Slave leg irons Slave tag, SC Slaveshoes

  23. Antebellum Southern Plantation Life

  24. Slave-Owning Population (1850)

  25. Slave-Owning Families (1850)

  26. Slaves posing in front of their cabin on a Southern plantation.

  27. Tara – Plantation Reality or Myth? Hollywood’s Version?

  28. Scarlet and Mammie(Hollywood Again!)

  29. The Southern “Belle”

  30. A Real Mammie & Her Charge

  31. A Slave Family

  32. Southern Slavery--> An Aberration? • 1780s: 1st antislavery society created in Phila. • By 1804: slavery eliminated from last northern state. • 1807: the legal termination of the slave trade, enforced by the Royal Navy. • 1820s: newly indep. Republics of Central & So. America declared their slaves free. • 1833: slavery abolished throughout the British Empire. • 1844: slavery abolished in the Fr. colonies. • 1861: the serfs of Russia were emancipated.

  33. Slave Resistance & Uprisings

  34. Slave Resistance Refusal to work hard. Isolated acts of sabotage. Escape via the Underground Railroad.

  35. Runaway Slave Ads

  36. Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South Gabriel Prosser1800 1822

  37. Slave Rebellions in the Antebellum South: Nat Turner, 1831

  38. Southern Pro-SlaveryPropaganda

  39. Abolitionist Movement • 1816  American Colonization Society created (gradual, voluntary emancipation. British Colonization Society symbol

  40. Abolitionist Movement • Create a free slave state in Liberia, WestAfrica. • No real anti-slavery sentiment in the North in the 1820s & 1830s. Gradualists Immediatists

  41. William Lloyd Garrison (1801-1879) • Slavery & Masonryundermined republicanvalues. • Immediate emancipation with NO compensation. • Slavery was a moral, notan economic issue. R2-4

  42. The Liberator Premiere issue  January 1, 1831 R2-5

  43. Other White Abolitionists Lewis Tappan James Birney • Liberty Party. • Ran for President in 1840 & 1844. Arthur Tappan

  44. Frederick Douglass (1817-1895) 1845 The Narrative of the Life Of Frederick Douglass 1847  “The North Star” R2-12

  45. Sojourner Truth (1787-1883)or Isabella Baumfree 1850 The Narrative of Sojourner Truth R2-10

  46. Harriet Tubman(1820-1913) • Helped over 300 slaves to freedom. • $40,000 bounty on her head. • Served as a Union spy during the Civil War. “Moses”

  47. Leading Escaping Slaves Along the Underground Railroad

  48. The Underground Railroad

  49. The Underground Railroad • “Conductor” ==== leader of the escape • “Passengers” ==== escaping slaves • “Tracks” ==== routes • “Trains” ==== farm wagons transporting the escaping slaves • “Depots” ==== safe houses to rest/sleep

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