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This analysis explores the complex social and economic landscape of the Antebellum South circa 1850. Focusing on the “slavocracy” of plantation owners, the role of the “plain folk” (white yeoman farmers), and the grim realities of slavery, we delve into the significant reliance on cotton production and its implications for Southern society. Notable events, such as slave resistance and key legislative acts, are examined in light of their impact on the growing tensions that ultimately led to the Civil War. A crucial reflection on the interplay between economy, society, and emerging political divisions sets the stage for understanding America's path to conflict.
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Antebellum South AP US History
Southern Society-Circa 1850 “Slavocracy”[plantation owners] 6,000,000 The“Plain Folk”[white yeoman farmers] Freemen 250,000 Slaves3,200,000 Total US Population 23,000,000[9,250,000 in the South = 40%]
Ledger of John White • Matilda Selby, 9, $400.00 sold to Mr. Covington, St. Louis, $425.00 • Brooks Selby, 19, $750.00 Left at Home – Crazy • Fred McAfee, 22, $800.00 Sold to Pepidal,Donaldsonville, $1200.00 • Howard Barnett, 25, $750.00 Ranaway. Sold out of jail, $540.00 • Harriett Barnett, 17, $550.00 Sold to Davenport and Jones, Lafourche, $900.00
Reliance on Cotton-changes on production 1820 1860
Slave Resistance • Refusal to work hard. • Isolated acts of sabotage. • Escape via the Underground Railroad.
Quilt Patterns=Secret Messages • TheMonkey Wrench pattern, on the left, alerted escapees to gather up tools and prepare to flee; the Drunkard Path design, on the right, warned escapees not to follow a straight route.
Rebellion Nat Turner, 1831 Gabriel Prosser, 1800 1822
Laws on Slavery • U. S. Constitution:* 3/5s compromise [I.2] * fugitive slave clause [IV.2] • 1793 Fugitive Slave Act. • 1850 stronger Fugitive Slave Act.
Slavery in the South-Unusual? • 1780s: 1st antislavery society created in Philadelphia. • By 1804: slavery eliminated from last northern state. • 1807: the legal termination of the slave trade, enforced by the Royal Navy. • 1820s: many newly independent Republics of Central & So. America declared their slaves free. • 1833: slavery abolished throughout the British Empire. • 1844: slavery abolished in the Fr. colonies. • 1861: the serfs of Russia were emancipated
Harriet Beecher Stowe 1811-1896 • Author of Uncle Tom’s Cabin, 1852 • Sold 300,000 its first year • 1 million copies in a decade • Lincoln -“So this is the lady who started this great war”
Presidential Election 1852 Franklin Pierce Democrat General Winfield Scott Whig John Parker Hale Free-Soil Party
Bleeding Kansas Border “Ruffians”(pro-slavery Missourians)
Another Fight in Congress-”The Crime Against Congress Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA) Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC)
Birth of Republican Party • Northern Whigs • Northern Democrats. • Free-Soilers. • Know-Nothings. • Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.
Dred Scott Decision • Dred Scott v Sanford, 1857
Lincoln-Douglas Debates • Illinois Senate race 1858 • A House divided against itself, cannot stand. • Popular Sovereignty
The Final Nail Election of 1860
The Candidates Abraham Lincoln Republican John Bell Constitutional Union Stephen Douglass Northern Democrat Stephen C. Breckenridge Southern Democrat
The Republican Platform • Non-extension of slavery [for the Free-Soilers.] • Protective tariff [for the No. Industrialists]. • No abridgment of rights for immigrants [a disappointment for the “Know-Nothings”]. • Government aid to build a Pacific RR [for the Northwest]. • Internal improvements [for the West] at federal expense. • Free homesteads for the public domain [for farmers]. • Why would southerners oppose this platform?
A nation coming Apart? Discuss the cartoon. Who is presented and what is it symbolizing?
One Last Attempt to Preserve the Union Crittenden Compromise: Senator John J. Crittenden(Know-Nothing-KY) Corwin Compromise Senator Thomas Corwin (Ohio)
